Pure culture studies

Herin, J.L. Development and operation of an aeration waste treatment plant. Proceedings of the 25th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, 1970, Vol. 25, p. 420. Koziorowski, B. Kucharski, J. Industrial Waste Disposal, Pergamon Press Oxford, UK, 1972. Payne, W.J. Pure culture studies of the degradation of detergent compounds. Biotech. Bioeng. 1963, 5, 355. 

Pure Culture Studies. Two bacteria were cultured to study the decomposition of H202, Vibrio alginolyticus and Enterobacter cloacae. V. alginolyticus was selected because it is an extremely common inhabitant of environments like the Chesapeake Bay. Vibrios may provide up to 50% of the culturable bacterial species in the bay (60). E. cloacae was studied because it is commonly found in freshwater environments (94). 

Pure culture studies are helpful in identifying possible pathways of degradation, but organism(s) isolated by enrichment are not necessarily active in the environment. The organism isolated under high nutrient conditions with the chemical as the only carbon source may not be the organism(s) responsible for the chemical s biodegradation in the environment. 

The fate of the ring structure in soils has also been studied. Detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorocatechol, and chloromuconic acid (9) from either soil or pure culture studies suggests a sequence of reactions involving ring hydroxylation and cleavage and further metabolism of the open chain structure to C02. 

Biodegradation degradation rate constants k = 2.29 x 10 mol celL h from pure culture studies (Banerjee et al. 1984). 

Biotransformation degradation rate constant k = 7.14 x lO ( 41% SD) mol celF h- from pure culture studies and k = 5 X 10 mol-celF -h with microorganisms in Seneca River waters (Banerjee et al. 1984). Bioconcentration Uptake (kj) and Elimination (kj) Rate Constants ... 

Pure culture studies have alluded to some of the factors that may regulate enzymatic Fe(II) oxidation in complex natural environments such as sediments, soils, and the rhizosphere. Neubauer et al. (2002), used microcosms fed with environmentally relevant concentrations of O2 and Fe(II) to investigate the metabolism of an Fe(II)-oxidizing strain isolated from the wetland rhizosphere. They found that both biotic and abiotic Fe(II) oxidation increased linearly (r > 0.90) with the rate of Fe(II) addition (Figure 23). Since the experimental Fe(II) addition rate approximated in situ Fe(III)-diffusion rates in freshwater... 

There is currently no satisfactory way to separate enzymatic from nonenzymatic Ee(II) oxidation in situ. However, pure culture studies have shown that bacteria mediated up to 90% of Ee(II) oxidation (Emerson and Revsbech, 1994 Neubauer et aL, 2002 Sobolev and Roden, 2001). In contrast to these studies, van Bodegom et al. (2001) reported that microbial Fe(II) oxidation was insignificant compared to nonenzymatic oxidation in a model rice system. However, their experiment included periods of vigorous sample agitation that may have artificially favored abiotic... 

Pure culture studies are not sufficient to confirm the efficacy of a potential prebiotic. Batch cultures [35], single-stage continuous cultures [36], or a three-stage continuous culture [37], the latter representing the human colon, further validate the claim. However, the ultimate confirmation comes from the results obtained from human clinical trials. Various trials have been performed where inulin or FOS has been incorporated into the diet and the main outcomes from these studies are described in the following text... 

The reduction of RA to VA is catalyzed by cis-9, tram-11 octadecadienoic acid reductase. Isolation of this membrane-bound enzyme from B. fibrisol-vens indicates that it has an absolute requirement for iron and expresses maximal activity at a pH between 7.2 and 8.2 (Hughes et al., 1982). Pure culture studies with B. fibrisolvens also have shown that the reductase is not... 

All cultures appear to contain polygonal cells, and fat droplets are present in most h5 hal cells. Observation of fat droplets in the cycelia was carried out on cultures grown on potato-glucose agar by Burden s method as described on page 20 of Leaflet IV of the Manual of Methods for Pure Culture Study of Bacteria Biotech Publications (1951). In the descriptions which follow, numbers in parentheses refer to color blocks in Maerz and Paul, Dictionary of Color (1950). 

HS-SPME 75 xm PDMS/Carboxen Extraction time 20 min (temp, and sample volume not given) Desorption 2 min unknown temp. 350 (<5 H 1000) not reported aerobic laboratory microcosms, pure culture studies (PMl) [74]... 

Feedlot cattle have been fed ionophores for decades to alter rumen microbial flora and to improve feed conversions (Russell and Houlihan, 2003), and an early study observed a tendency for increased . coli 0157 herd prevalence when ionophores were fed (Herriott et al, 1998). Grampositive bacteria are more sensitive to ionophores (Russell and Houlihan, 2003), and commonly fed ionophores, such as monensin or lasalocid, have little effect on the Gram-negative E. coli 0157 H7 in pure culture studies (Bach et al, 2002b Edrington et al, 2003). In feedlot studies with cattle fed grain diets, neither monensin or tylosin altered . coli 0157 H7 fecal prevalence (Jacob et al, 2008b McAllister et ah,... 

In a pure-culture study, Janssen and Schink [33] elucidated the pathway for the depolymerization and subsequent fermentation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Ilyobacter delafieldiv, the products of fermentation were acetate, butyrate, and H2, with a molar ratio of acetate butyrate of 2.32 1. In a co-culture of I. delafieldii and ihe H2-consuming, sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio vulgaris, the molar ratio of acetate butyrate changed to 4.02 1. Accordingly, the amount of H2 detected in the co-culture was much lower in the presence... 

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