Determination of total

CO2 is determined by titrating with a standard solution of NaOH to the phenolphthalein end point, or to a pH of 8.3, with results reported as milligrams CO2 per liter. This analysis is essentially the same as that for the determination of total acidity, and can only be applied to water samples that do not contain any strong acid acidity. 

Although every redox titrimetric method has its own unique considerations, the following description of the determination of total residual chlorine in water provides an instructive example of a typical procedure. 

Luff Schoorl. This method is for the determination of total reducing sugars in molasses and refined symps after hydrolysis. It is a copper-reducing method that forms the basis of some molasses purchasing contracts. 

EPA Method 25A is the instrumental analyzer method for determination of total gaseous organic concentration using a flame ionization analyzer. The method apphes to the measurement of total gaseous organic concentration of vapors consisting primarily of alkanes, alkenes, and/or arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons). The concentration is expressed in terms of propane (or other appropriate organic calibration gas) or in terms or carrion. 

This method is used for the determination of total chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), beiylhum (Be), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), phosphorus (P), thalhum (Tl), silver (Ag), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), and mer-cuiy (Hg) stack emissions from stationaiy sources. This method may also be used for the determination of particulate emissions fohowing the procedures and precautions described. However, modifications to the sample recoveiy and analysis procedures described in the method for the purpose of determining particulate emissions may potentially impacl the front-half mercury determination. 

Ln(II) in LnFj Ln(II) were determined after samples dissolution in H PO in the presence of a titrated solution of NFI VO, which excess was titrated with the Fe(II) salt. It was found that dissolution of the materials based on CeF CeFj in H PO does not change the oxidation state of cerium, thus phosphate complexes of Ce(III, IV) can be used for quantitative spectrophotometric determination of cerium valence forms. The contents of Ln(II, III) in Ln S LnS may be counted from results of the determination of total sulfur (determined gravimetric ally in BaSO form) and sum of the reducers - S and Ln(II) (determined by iodometric method). 

DEVELOPING SAMPLE PREPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF TOTAL IODINE IN COMPLEX ORGANIC MATRIX... 

Sample decomposition is the critical operation in determination of total iodine in complex organic matrix. Iodine in simple form (I ) is highly volatile, so it should be transformed into nonvolatile analytical fomi (iodide or iodate) to prevent loses during the decomposition. 

Brombenztiazo (BBT) is known to be one of the best reagents for extraction-photometric determination of cadmium(II). The reagent also fonus complexes with Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Zn(II). The aim of this work was to develop a solid-phase reagent on the base of BBT immobilized on silica gel for sorption-spectroscopic and visual test determination of Cadmium, and also for soi ption-atomic-adsoi ption determination of total heavy metals contents in natural waters. 

Both of the surface area techniques described in this article are well established. However, the determination of total surface area by physical adsorption using the BET equation is a very general method of wide applicability. The use of selective chemisorption to determine the surf e area of metals is much newer, and has only... 

Determination of total mud salinity. The total pounds of soluble salts per barrel of mud are calculated as... 

Determination of total calcium and magnesium. Pipette 25.0 mL of the mixed calcium and magnesium ion solution into a 250 mL conical flask, dilute to about 50 mL with distilled water, add 5 mL of the buffer solution, and mix by... 

No satisfactory direct gravimetric procedure is available but nitrite can be oxidised to nitrate by permanganate or cerium(IV) and then determined in that form. The determination of total nitrate + nitrite is an important analysis, e.g. for soil samples. Nitrite may be destroyed using urea, sulphamic acid or hydrazine sulphate the reaction with the former is ... 

The procedure followed describes methods for the determination of total levels, and in certain cases, available amounts of trace elements in soils. The determination of arsenic in soil by hydride generation AAS is included. 

The procedure for the determination of total secondary alkanesulfonates with TLC and of total monosulfonates specified as homologs and isomers by derivatization GC-MS is shown in Fig. 18. The specific clean-up for sewage sludges prior to total secondary alkanesulfonate determination is outlined in Fig. 19. TLC conditions are given in Table 9. The limits of the quantification of secondary alkanesulfonates are summarized in Table 10. For eight samples and one operator the TLC time schedule is 4 days sample pretreatment and sublation, clean-up, TLC performance, and quantitative evaluation of TLC [24]. 

ISO 6842 1989, Surface active agents Sulfated ethoxylated alcohols and alkyl-phenols—Determination of total active matter content. 

A novel nondestructive method for the determination of total charges and hence of EQ=Qy that is based on the CO displacement experiments has been worked out.795,796 This method has been applied to Pt(lll) and Pt(l 10) electrodes in contact with solutions at different pHs. For both Pt faces, the potential-of-zero total charge lies in a potential region similar to that forpc-Pt.8,10,11 It was found that thepztc depends on pH in different ways for Pt(l 11) and Pt(l 10), which demonstrates that not only is the pztc structure sensitive, but also that it varies with pH.795 The value of pztc for Pt(l 11) is more positive than that for Pt(l 10), and df j/dpHis higher for Pt( 111) than for Pt( 110). 

Sanz, M C. Brechbuhler, T and Green, I J The ultramicro-determination of total and protein-bound iodine. Clin Chem (1956), 1, 570 - 576 ... 

Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanins by pH Differential Method... 

In many cases, determination of total anthocyanin content may not be enough and information about specific individual pigments will be required. Typically this situation arises in research situations. One analytical method for the quantitative determination of individual anthocyanins involves their separation from a mixture and measurement of each individual pigment. Chromatographic separation of... 

Fuleki, T. and Francis, F.J., Quantitative methods for anthocyanins. 2. Determination of total anthocyanin and degradation index for cranberry juice, J. Food Set, 33, 78, 1968. 

Lee, J., Durst, R.W., and Wrolstad, R.E., Determination of total monomeric antho-cyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method collaborative study, J. AOAC Int., 88, 1269, 2005. 

The concentration of cell wall monosaccharides was analyzed by gas chromatography (4). Determination of total and free acids was performed according to Ehwald et al. (5). Cell wall size exclusion limits were measured as decribed by Ehwald et al. (6). 

Lu JY, Schroeder WH, Berg T, Munthe J, Schneeberger D, Schaedlich F. 1998. A device for sampling and determination of total particulate mercury in ambient air. Anal Chem 70 2403-2408. 

Soares M, Bastos M and Ferreria M (1994) Determination of Total Chromium and Chromium (IV) in Animal Feeds by Electrothermal AAS. J Anal Atom Spectrom 9 1269-1272. 

Mato, I., Huidobro, J. F., Sanchez, M. P., Muniategui, S., Fernandez-Muino, M. A., and Sancho, M. T. (1997). Enzymatic determination of total o-gluconic acid in honey. /. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 3550-3553. 

The only published immunoassay method submitted to date to EPA OPPTS as an enforcement method for a range of substrates (water, sediment, crops, processed crop fractions, and animal tissues) is the spinosad method, developed by Young et al. This method uses the spinosad RaPID Assay (Strategic Diagnostics) for determination of total spinosad residues (TSR). This discussion will be limited to crop and animal tissues, because the water and soil analyses are analogous to the triasulfuron method. The extraction, cleanup, and method parameters are summarized in Table 2. 

Al-Shawi, A. W. and Dahl, R., Determination of total chromium in phosphate... 

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