Destruction removal efficiency

Methane (contained in natural gas) and carbon monoxide also make good surrogates because they are relatively easy to obtain, handle, and meter. Furthermore, common CEM analyzers detecting CO and unburned hydrocarbons (UBH) can be used to measure their presence for determining destruction removal efficiency. 

Figure 11-62. Destruction-removal efficiency (DRE) and electric power input as a function of the pulse repetition rate for treatment of acetone (diluted in air) in pulsed corona discharge. Initial acetone concentrations are 5, 20, 200, and 1000 ppm.

The Ag(II) process is being tested extensively by the ACWA program as a primary treatment to destroy neat chemical agents and a variety of energetic materials found in stockpiled assembled chemical weapons. Chemical agents can be destroyed to destruction removal efficiencies of 99.9999 percent however, the treatment of energetic materials is still very immature (NRC, 1999b NRC, 2000). 

EPA standards for hazardous waste incineration are based on the effectiveness of destruction of principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs). Measurement of these compounds before and after incineration gives the destruction removal efficiency (DRE) according to the formula... 

An alternative to placing electronic products waste in dumps and landfills is to destroy the waste by incineration. One type of incinerator is the rotary kiln that uses the energy from liquid, combustible hazardous waste to increase the temperature of the kiln for drying cement. The chemical industry disposes of high energy-capacity, flammable liquids in this manner. Incinerators that bum hazardous chemical waste must be monitored and achieve a destruction removal efficiency (DRE) rate of at least 99.99 percent of the principle organic hazardous constituents of the waste. 

DRE Destruction and removal efficiency SMART Save money and reduce toxics... 

SW-846, is used to measure emissions of semivolatile principal organic constituents. Method 0010 is designed to determine destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of POHCs from incineration systems. The method involves a modification of the EPA Method 5 sampling train and may be used to determine particulate emission rates from stationary sources. The method is applied to semivolatile compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, polycyclic organic matter, and other semivolatile organic compounds. 

The concentration of indoor pollutants is a function of removal processes such as dilution, filtration, and destruction. Dilution is a function of the air exchange rate and the ambient air quality. Gases and particulate matter may also be removed from indoor air by deposition on surfaces. Filtration systems are part of many ventilahon systems. As air is circulated by the air-conditioning system it passes through a filter which can remove some of the particulate matter. The removal efficiency depends on particle size. In addition, some reactive gases like NOj and SOj are readily adsorbed on interior surfaces of a building or home. 

Emissions from hazardous waste combustors are regulated under two statutory authorities RCRA and the CAA. The MACT standards set emission limitations for dioxins, furans, metals, particulate matter, total chlorine, hydrocarbons/carbon monoxide, and destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for organics. Once a facility has demonstrated compliance with the MACT standards by conducting its comprehensive performance test (CPT) and submitting its notification of compliance (NOC), it is no longer subject to the RCRA emission requirements with a few exceptions. RCRA-permitted facilities, however, must continue to comply with their permitted emissions requirements until they obtain modifications to remove any duplicative emissions conditions from their RCRA... 

To obtain a permit, an owner/operator must demonstrate that emission levels set for various hazardous organic constituents are not exceeded. U.S. EPA s principal measure of incinerator performance is its destruction and removal efficiency (DRE). A 99.99% DRE means that one molecule of an organic compound is released to the air for every 10,000 molecules entering the incinerator. A 99.9999% DRE means that one molecule of an organic compound is released to the air for every 1 million molecules entering the incinerator. 

Limited data is available on the concentration of volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from gasification processes. The data that is available indicate that VOCs, SVOCs, and PAHs are either non-detectable in flue gas streams from IGCC process or, in some cases where they were detected, they are at extremely low levels (on the order of parts per billion and lower). The analysis of syngas also indicates greater than 99.99 percent chlorobenzene and hexachlo-robenzene destruction and removal efficiencies and part per billion or less concentration of selected PAHs and VOCs.9-14... 

It destroys chemical agent to a 99.9999 percent destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) and energetic materials to a 99.999 DRE. 

Validate the ability of the SILVER II unit operation to achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.999 percent for Composition B—cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and trinitrotoluene (TNT). 

First, the incinerator must achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of at least 99.99% for each of the designated Appendix VIII chemicals present in the waste feed. In other words, 0.01% of the respective compound in the waste feed can be emitted in the incinerator stack gases. The specific Appendix VIII chemicals evaluated are selected by EPA from those found in the hazardous waste at reasonable concentrations and are termed principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs). 

This is a process mainly used in power plants for destruction of cyanides using chlorine, hypochlorite salts, or ozone. The process removal efficiency is about 99.6% [12-19]. 

Is capable of high destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs). 

In a 1996 report compiled by EANE, cost estimates were prepared for seven innovative off-gas treatment technologies as well as for three off-gas technologies currently in use. Results of the estimate for SDP are summarized in Table 1. It was estimated that SDP was most cost effective in treating high concentrations of specific contaminants at low flow rates. It was found that cost was independent of VOC concentration but was dependent on the desired destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) and the flow rate. Energy costs drop for gas matrices other than air (e.g., off-gas from a pyrolizer or low-temperature desorber or gas streams carried by an inert gas such as argon) (D130756, p. 21). 

Destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) for contaminants are high and consistent emissions of harmful by-products are minimal. 

Achieves destruction and removal efficiencies of greater than 99.99%. 

TT states that the advantages of FTO technology include the lack of an open flame, the high destruction and removal efficiencies that can be achieved, low nitrogen emissions, and the range of process flow rates that are acceptable for treatment. 

SQI systems can achieve destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) of up to 99.9999%. System can treat wastes containing organic contaminants, heavy metals, and some inorganic compounds. 

Results of pilot-scale operation indicated acceptable removal efficiencies and cost-effective performance, compared to granular activated carbon (GAC) or thermal destruction processes. Near zero ambient discharge is possible. 

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