Hazardous waste combustors

Emissions from hazardous waste combustors are regulated under two statutory authorities RCRA and the CAA. The MACT standards set emission limitations for dioxins, furans, metals, particulate matter, total chlorine, hydrocarbons/carbon monoxide, and destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for organics. Once a facility has demonstrated compliance with the MACT standards by conducting its comprehensive performance test (CPT) and submitting its notification of compliance (NOC), it is no longer subject to the RCRA emission requirements with a few exceptions. RCRA-permitted facilities, however, must continue to comply with their permitted emissions requirements until they obtain modifications to remove any duplicative emissions conditions from their RCRA... 

Hazardous waste combustors (HWCs) also are regulated under the Clean Air Act (CAA).6 The CAA protects human health and the environment from the harmful effects of air pollution by requiring significant reductions in the emissions of the most dangerous air pollutants. These pollutants are known or suspected to cause serious health problems such as cancer or birth defects, and are referred to as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). 

Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Hazardous waste combustors... 

Source U.S. EPA, Fact Sheet—Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standards, EPA530-F-05-018, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September 2005 and U.S. EPA, 40 CFR Parts 9, 63, 260, 264, 265, 266, 270 and 271, National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants Final standards for hazardous air pollutants for hazardous waste combustors, final rule, Federal Register, 70, 196, October 12, 2005. a Standards expressed as mass of pollutant per million Btu contributed by the hazardous waste. 

U.S. EPA, Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Hazardous Waste Combustors, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 2008. Available at http //www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/combust/ finalmact/index.htm. 

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustor Facilities, EPA 530-D-98-001, July. Washington, D.C. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Hazardous Waste Combustors Revised Standards—Final rule Yes 63 FR 33782 EPA 1998i... 

EPA. 1998i. Hazardous waste combustors revised standards final rule. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 63 FR 33782. June 19, 1998. 

In October 2005, under authority of the Clean Air Act and RCRA, the EPA issued its final national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants from hazardous waste combustors. The standards require hazardous waste combustors to meet hazardous air pollutant emission standards reflecting the application of maximum achievable controllable technology (MACT). These standards are applicable to any hazardous waste incinerator, including the chemical agent disposal facilities. In some states, separate air permits are issued to hazardous waste incinerators, while in others the RCRA permit requirements are adopted or changed to implement the requirements of the new MACT emissions standards for controlling the following pollutants ... 

Dow Chemical must also comply with the feed-stream analysis plan required under the Hazardous Waste Combustor Maximum Achievable Control Technology Standard for incinerators, which is very similar to the site waste analysis plan and describes the information necessary to bum wastes in an incinerator. Dow uses the following approved methodologies to characterize hazardous waste ... 

The E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont) Sabine River Works incinerator characterizes hazardous waste primarily using the facility waste analysis plan, which is required by RCRA the feed stream analysis plan, which is required by the Hazardous Waste Combustor Maximum Achievable Control Technology Standard or LDRs.29 The incinerator also must comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administra-... 

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories Generic Maximum Achievable Control Technology Standards National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Steel Pickling—HCI Process Facilities and Hydrochloric Acid Regeneration Plants National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Mineral Wool Production National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Hazardous Waste Combustors National Emission Standards for Pharmaceuticals Production... 

All hazardous waste combustors (HWCs), including hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs), cement kilns (CKs), and lightweight aggregate kilns (FWAKs), are subject to the MACT standards regardless of size or major source status. HWCs are required to be in compliance with the standards by September 30, 2003, and are required to demonstrate compliance by March 30,2004, through a Comprehensive Performance Test (CPT). The rule allows for a 1-year extension of the compliance date for facilities that need to install pollution control equipment to meet standards. 

Pollutants From Hazardous Waste Combustors Subpart GGG National Emission Standards for Pharmaceuticals... 

Although CAIR is a favorable development in clean air regulation, EPA s recently announced mercury regulations represent a step backwards on existing air toxic provisions of the Clean Air Act. Each year, uncontrolled coal-fired power plants in the United States emit nearly 50 tons of mercury to the air in addition to an estimated 33 tons disposed of in the waste left over after power plants bum coal. In 1997, the U.S. EPA estimated that coal-fired power plants accounted for about 33% of all U.S. emissions, with municipal, medical and hazardous waste combustors accounting for another 33% combined. 

The EPA has already issued regulatory requirements for municipal waste combustors, medical waste incinerators and hazardous waste combustors. Yet coal fired power plants not only remain uncontrolled, they account for a larger and larger share of mercury emissions as other source categories meet their obligations to reduce their mercury releases. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA was required to finalize a maximum achievable control technology (MACT) rale for mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants by December 20, 2002. Clean Air Act 7412(n)l)(A) provides that EPA... 

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