Design phases

For example a process flow scheme for crude oil stabilisation might contain details of equipment, lines, valves, controls and mass and heat balance information where appropriate. This would be the typical level of detail used in the project definition and preliminary design phase described in Section 12.0. 

During the design phase, facilities (the hardware items of equipment) are designed for operating conditions which are anticipated based upon the information gathered during field appraisal, and upon the outcome of studies such as the reservoir simulation. The design parameters will typically be based upon assessments of... 

Bain A D 1984 Coherence levels and coherence pathways in NMR. A simple way to design phase cycling procedures J. Magn. Reson. 56 418-27... 

Modern-day piping design codes can model the vibration situation, and problems can thus be resolved in the design phases. 

The design phase examines the best methods with which to impart the knowledge or develop the skills required to achieve the objectives. It allows management to lay out the most cost-effective training plan. 

The design phase adds detail to the learning and performance objectives and allows selection of training delivery methods. 

Several constraints were faced in the design phase of the project. For example, special attention was given to the fact that 400 Series stainless steel, carbon, and some grades of aluminum were not compatible with the process. Additionally, the expander discharge temperature was required to stay between 35-70°F. The operating rpm of the expander wheel was determined by the rpm required by the third stage of the air compressor. 

Andersson, P. 1994 Early Design Phases and their Role in Designing for Quality. Journal of Engineering Design, 5(4), 283-298. 

Andersson, P. A. 1996 Process Approach to Robust Design in Early Engineering Design Phases. PhD Thesis Department of Machine Design, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. 

When the students are finally into the equipment design phase of their project, they need design rules of thumb. These " experience factors" provide the students ranges and bounds to save them time. 

The design phase of an engineering project normally consists of the following activities ... 

During the design phase, identify the human interaction with the chemical process and provide means to make that interaction inherently safer. 

Perhaps the simplest way to assess the reliability of a system is to count the active parts, flic 1C liability estimate is the product of the number of parts and some nominal failure rate for the parts. Ill the design phase, two competing designs may be compared on the basis of the numbei of parts but several cautions are in order. 

If no other method provides protection to the worker, design respiratory protective equipment. In the design phase, the minimum is to identify the need for personal protection. 

A review of ventilation efficiency indices is given below. Complete mixing ventilation is the comparative basis for all efficiencies, with the value 1.0. That may be useful, as complete mixing ventilation often is assumed in early design phases. 

The experiments show that it is impossible to make a simple design of the opening to improve the air quality in the room. A proper solution should have been chosen in the design phase ot the machine. It would, for example, be obvious to reverse the direction of the airflow and extract the air from the room through the machine. 

Caiciiiations can be sensitive to the interest rate (Fig- 16.2) and the time ol the calculation period (fig. 16.3), which is the utilization time or the life cycle of the device. Thus, it is often advisable to consider sensitivity analysis for these factors. Elements of uncertainty can also be found in the estimation of energy consumption and investment (in design phase at the pre-tender stage). 

These elements of ISQ/TS 16949 are linked together as shown in Figure 2.1. In the figure, document control and management are functions common to other elements of the business, and the education and training process is shown separately as it operates in both the implementation and the design phase. 

Importance also applies to what may appear minor decisions in the planning or design phase. If such decisions are incorrect they could result in major problems downstream. If not detected, getting the decimal place wrong or the units of measure wrong can have severe consequences. Audits should verify that the appropriate controls are in place to detect such errors before it is too late. 

Equipment integrity is primarily achieved by good design and installation and the proper consideration of human factors should be an integral part of the design phases (see Section 8.2.2 on Capital Project Review and Design Procedures and the earlier sections of this chapter. 

Quality tools. During the integration project you will make use of a number of different Quality Management tools. Most of these will be used during the design phases of the project. Tools you are most likely to use are ... 

The pilot study is likely to use all the same Quality Management tools that were used for the integration framework development (Chapter 5). However, the limited scope of the pilot study enforces some limitations and compromises—it will not be possible to make changes outside of the department covered by the pilot. Any existing interfaces with other departments must remain the same. This will impact the design phases of the work. For example, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) may currently be prepared locally, in the overall project it might be proposed to develop these centrally. However, for the pilot study it will not be possible develop the central resource so the pilot would have to continue to rely on local resources and there will be no efficiency improvement. 

The parts count method is suitable for early design phase reliability prediction. The method uses information on generic types, quality levels, and environment. The latter two effects are considered with the application of specified factors. The failure rates for both methods are calculated using the same generic expressions. 

---