Detail design phase

During this phase of the design work the scope established in the preliminary phase of the project is divided into work packages for award as subcontracts or, if the construction is done on a direct hire basis, they become the work packages for the various crafts. 

Remember that, when organizing for the detail design phase of a project, the design will be a complex and detailed undertaking. Be sure that sufficient documentation takes place to ensure that those who turn it into a completed operating facility have sufficient information to properly understand what they are to achieve. 

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Realistically, the information available to perform risk studies varies over the lifetime of a process. During the early stages of process development, analysis teams may only have access to basic chemical reactivity hazard data, such as may be obtained from suppliers and literature resources. By the time a facility reaches the detailed design phase, most of the basic design and operating information should be available and used in any study of the facility hazards and risks. 

The elements of the computer system specification deliverable relate directly to the documentation and test cases contained in the OQ protocol. Once the computer system specification deliverable is approved, it is possible to start the detailed design phase and to generate the FAT, the SAT, and/or the OQ documentation. 

The detailed design phase or production engineering, as some people call it, consumes approximately 50% of all home office man-hours. It is during that phase that the bulk of the documents directly required for procurement and construction are generated ... 

Tables 5.1-5.4 show the approximate resistance and reactance values in per-unit for two-pole and four-pole low voltage induction motors that are generally of the Design D type. Tables 5.5-5.8 show the approximate resistance and reactance values in per-unit for two-pole and four-pole high voltage induction motors that are of the reduced starting current type. In the absence of exact data from a manufacturer these data can be used for system studies such as starting motors, transient stability and fault current contribution. The data from a manufacturer should be used for calculations and system studies that are to be carried out during the detailed design phase of a project.

As a project moves into the detail design phase it acquires more precise data for all aspects of the work. It is then possible to calculate the fault currents more accurately. However, it should be noted that the tolerances on most of the data are seldom better than plus or minus 15%, and so increasing the quantity of data will not necessarily improve the results significantly. During the detail design phase the power system tends to be modified and additional switchboards added. It is then necessary to calcnlate the fault currents at least at the busbars of each switchboard, and this can become a laborious task if hand calcnlations are attempted. 

During the detail design phase of the project the load schedules will be modified and additional loads will inevitably be added. At least 10% extra load should be added to the first estimate i.e. 1203 kW. The total when rounded-up to the nearest 100 kW would be 13,300 kW. 

The FMEA process is applied during the Functional Design and Detailed Design phases. The principles of FMEA may have already been used to review the processes and functions documented in the initial URS. At each phase, the outcome of the previous FMEA is refined. Each function of the system is challenged and assigned a criticality based on the consequence of functional failure. Table 7.1 provides a generic view of FMEA objectives at each stage of application. 

D represents the transfer of the models to the next stage of design detailed design 6. Detailing prepares all drawn models for the detailed design phase (from work classes into technology involvement) ... 

In other words, during the embodiment and detail design phase, the concept is given its detailed description in order to reach the final solution. This is illustrated more elaborately in Fig. 1. 

With the concept selection completed, a design must be executed. This is accomplished in the system and detail design phases. Elements here are highly dependent on the nature of the product, so that the process here is less explicitly described than the previous steps. This activity is greatly influenced by several of the issues mentioned previously, so a framework will be laid here and then these ancillary issues will be discussed along with ways they might interact with the design itself. 

The detail design phase is where the individual components of the system are fully defined. Again, the issues here vary greatly across the product spectrum, but primarily the issue is function against the various penalties of weight, space, cost, etc. None of these are unique to the medical device area, but the costs tend to be higher, the penalty for error much higher, and therefore the need for care very intense. 

The detail design phase will include the preparation of detail drawings and product specifications. A bill of materials must be prepared along with a detailed cost estimate. A final design review is conducted before releasing all drawings to be manufactured. 

The design elaboration is a macro phase of Product Development and consists of the Informational Design, Conceptual Design, Preliminary and Detailed Design phases. These phases focus on the task set that is characterized by design scope, execution time, resources and risk prediction. The results of these phases respectively yield design specifications, product conception, the technical and economic feasibility, and documentation. Some considerations for each design phase are ... 

A radiation and shielding design review of the System 80+ Standard Design in accordance with Item II.B.2 of NUREG-0737 will be performed during the detailed design phase of the plant. 

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