Design robust

The specific advanced properties of the ceramic insulator eliminate the need for oil or resin insulation. The metal vacuum envelope of the tube provides higher beam stability, more robust design, and even X-ray shielding up to certain levels. Furthermore, even difScult mechanical problems (e.g. mounting, coohng, or beam emission) can be solved by an appropriate customised tube design. 

M. S. Phadke, Quality engineering using robust design, Prentice-Flail, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989, P.292. 

With a steam turbine, the turboeompressors ean be readily matehed to the different plant operating eonditions. Under eontinuous load, this type of installation is powered by the steam resulting from ammonia eombustion. Consequently, an outside steam supply is needed for startup. This may be a separate boiler or another external souree with live-steam properties not neeessarily eorresponding to those obtained from the nitrie aeid plant. The steam turbine must be of robust design beeause of the different pressure and temperature levels. 

Designing for robustness has also been associated with the DFM guidelines (Russell and Taylor, 1995). Robust design has different meanings to different engineering communities. For example, the three descriptions below focus on three different but connected aspects of product design ... 

Robust design creates performance characteristics that are very insensitive to variations in the manufacturing process, and other variations related to the environment and time (Lewis, 1996 Sanchez, 1993). 

Robust design is the design of a product or process that results in functionally acceptable products within economic tolerances (Taguchi et al., 1989). 

Robust design improves product quality by reducing the effects of variability (Phadke, 1989). 

Andersson, P. A. 1996 Process Approach to Robust Design in Early Engineering Design Phases. PhD Thesis Department of Machine Design, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. 

Kapur, K. 1993 Quality Engineering and Robust Design. In Kusiak, A. (ed.). Concurrent Engineering Automation, Tools and Techniques. NY Wiley. 

Phadke, M. D. 1989 Quality Engineering Using Robust Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. 

Swift, K. G. and Allen, A. 1994 Product Variability Risks and Robust Design. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part B, 208, 9-19. 

If the Sohre approach is taken in a philosophical light, it clearly indicates the need for a robust design. This is true for the basic equipment as well as the installation of foundations and piping. All of the factors were considered in the approach Sohre presented, even if in some cases, they may have been considered subjective. The key to the robust approach can be simplified as low deflection. On a rotor, the shorter the bearing span and/or the heavier the shaft cross section, the lower the deflection. This tends to increase the reliability aspect. On a foundation, heavier sections tend to have lower deflection, which contributes to the ability to maintain train alignment. Better alignment is one of the factors that contributes to higher reliability. 

The concept of a robust design, in the compressor component and m the installation... 

The 1980s saw great advanees in eontrol theory for the robust design of systems with uneertainties in their dynamie eharaeteristies. The work of Athans (1971),... 

Rawlings etal. (1992) analysed the stability of a eontinuous erystallizer based on the linearization of population and solute balanee. Their model did not depend on a lumped approximation of partial differenee equations and sueeess-fully predieted the oeeurrenee of sustained oseillations. They demonstrated that simple proportional feedbaek eontrol using moments of CSD as measurements ean stabilize the proeess. It was eoneluded that the relatively high levels of error in these measurements require robust design for effeetive eontrol. 

Storti G., Mazzotti M., Morbidelli M., Carra S. (1993) Robust Design of Binary Countereurrent Adsorption Separation Proeesses, AIChEJ. 39 471-492. 

End view showing male and female rotors and slide valve on an 85-ton intermediate compressor. The robust design of the Series R compressor can ingest amounts of liquid refrigerant that would severely damage reciprocating compressor valves, piston rods, and cylinders. (Used by permission Cat. RLC-DS-2, Aug. 1995. The Trane Company.)... 

Steady performance data from the second reactor are shown in Figure 11.10, where the pressure drop did not rise exponentially and the conversion and selectivity remained at 75 and 83%, respectively. The reactor was further analyzed after operation, shown in Figure 11.11, to confirm the lack of carbon deposition. Reactor models were pivotal to developing a robust design for this high-temperature and... 

Preconcentration can enhance instrumental detection Hmits by two orders of magnitude. Interfering sample components (i.e. high salt contents) are readily removed. The commercially available TraceCon system provides a simple automated step for combining flame-AAS or ICP-OES analytical methods. Its robust design shows many good aspects of laboratory automation. 

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