Dermatitis, chemical

Smith, C.K. and Hotchkiss, S.A.M., Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Chemical andMetabolic Mechanisms, Taylor Francis, London, 2001. 

Smith CK and Hotchkiss SAM (eds.) (2001) Allergic Contact Dermatitis — Chemical and Metabolic Mechanisms. New York Taylor 8c Francis. 

Smith CK, Hotchkiss SAM (2001) Allergic contact dermatitis chemical and metabolic mechanisms. Taylor Francis Ltd., London... 

Caution Death may result from short exposure to very low concns of the element and its salts. Contact dermatitis, chemical conjunctivitis, corneal burns, non-healing ulceration at site of injury, subcutaneous nodules may occur following exposure. Acute Pneumonitis may result from single exposure to beryllium and occasionally is fatal. Chronic Pulmonary granulomatous disease may appear in 3 months tn 15 years, often after short exposure to low concn. Uncertainty as to complete recovery. Death rate about 25%. See I. Schubert. Beryllium and Barylliosis in Set. Am. 199, no. 2, pp 27-33 (1938). This substance and certain beryllium compounds may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP... 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS Inhalation (irritates skin and mucous membranes, coughing, sneezing) ingestion (loss of appetite, respiratory difficulties, anesthesia, sweating, coma) contact (dermatitis, chemical skin bums, slight eye damage). 

Karlberg A-T, Liden C, Ehrin E (1991) Colophony in mascara as a cause of eyelid dermatitis. Chemical analyses and patch testing. Acta Derm Venerol 71 445-447 Karlberg A-T, Gafvert E, Liden C (1995) Environmentally friendly paper may increase the risk of hand eczema in rosin-sensitive persons. J Am Acad Dermatol 33 427-432 Karlberg A-T, Gafvert E, Meding B, et al. (1996) Airborne contact dermatitis from unexpected exposure to rosin (colophony). Contact Dermatitis 35 272-278... 

Irritant contact dermatitis Chemical burns Allergic contact dermatitis Scleroderma... 

Fire retardants Allergic contact dermatitis Chemical... 

A history of dermatitis, chemical skin sensitization, or previous hepatic disease. 

Other routes of solvent overexposure include ingestion, skin, and eye contact. The use of the proper chemical gloves as recommended in the MSDS should be considered if prolonged skin exposure is possible. The alcohols will remove natural oils from the skin and cause irritation of the skin and possible dermatitis. Chemical workers goggles or safety glasses with side shields should be worn when handling any solvent. 

Hydrogen chloride in air can also be a phytotoxicant (88). Tomatoes, sugar beets, and fmit trees of the Pmnus family are sensitive to HCl in air. Exposure of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the skin can cause chemical bums or dermatitis. Whereas the irritation is noticed readily, the acid can be water flushed from the exposed area. Copious use of miming water is the only recommended safety procedure for any external exposure. Ingestion is seldom a problem because hydrochloric acid is a normal constituent of the stomach juices. If significant quantities are accidentally swallowed, it can be neutrali2ed by antacids. 

Tertiary Amine Catalysts. The Hquid tertiary aHphatic amines used as catalysts in the manufacture of polyurethanes can cause contact dermatitis and severe damage to the eye. Inhalation can produce moderate to severe irritation of the upper respiratory tracts and the lungs. Ventilation, protective clothing, and safety glasses are mandatory when handling these chemicals. 

The first -PDA antiozonants were low molecular weight -diaLkyl-/)-PDAs which caused skin irritations. Current higher molecular weight -dialkyl or A/-alkyl-AT-aryl derivatives are not primary skin irritants. A notable exception is A/-(I-methylethyl)-A7-phenyl-/)-PDA, which causes dermatitis. However, since some individuals are more sensitive than others, antiozonants should always be handled with care (46). When skin contact does occur, the affected area should be washed with mild soap and water. In case of eye contact, flush weU with water. Inhalation of mbber chemicals should be avoided, and respiratory equipment should be used in dusty areas. 

Another compound, the antimicrobial action of which is associated with chelation, is 2-pyridinethiol-A/-oxide [3811-73-2] (Omadine). Activity has been shown to depend on coordinating property. The iron chelate is active, but not the free pyridine compound (200). In the form of its zinc chelate it is found in shampoos to control seborrheic dermatitis (201). Other appHcations of this useful chemical include preservation of adhesives, plastics, latex paints, polyurethane foam, and metal working fluids (202). 

Toxic chemicals can enter the body in various ways, in particular by swallowing, inhalation and skin absorption. Skin absorption may lead to dermatitis and this can be a most annoying complaint. Whereas some chemicals may have an almost universal effect on human beings, others may attack only a few persons. A person who has worked with a given chemical for some years may suddenly become sensitised to it and from then on be unable to withstand the slightest trace of that material in the atmosphere. He may as a result also be sensitised not only to the specific chemical that caused the initial trouble but to a host of related products. Unfortunately a number of chemicals used in the plastics industry have a tendency to be dermatitic, including certain halogenated aromatic materials, formaldehyde and aliphatic amines. 

Impervious clothing is essential when handling coiTosive chemicals, liquids liable to cause dermatitis, or chemicals toxic by skin absorption. 

List the diseases prescnbed for the payment of disablement benefit, if related to specific occupations. Conditions due to chemical agents, e.g. poisoning by any of a range of chemicals and certain carcinomas, and miscellaneous conditions, e.g. pneumoconiosis, asthma, diffuse mesothelioma, non-mfective dermatitis are included. 

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