Granulomatous disease pulmonary

Biopsy evidence of sterile nonnecrotizing granulomatous disease. Pulmonary functions ranging from normal to documented hyperreactivity. Rare cases of decreased diffusion. 

Table 4.10. Some pathogens (bacterial, fungal and protozoal) whose phagocyte-mediated destruction is impaired in persons suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Administration of IFN-y, in most cases, enhances the phagocytes ability to destroy these pathogens. These agents can cause hepatic and pulmonary infections, as well as genitourinary tract, joint and other infections...

Death may result from short exposure to very low concentrations of the element and its salts. Short exposures may cause acute pneumonitis or chronic pulmonary granulomatous disease.1 TLV-TWA 0.002 mg/m3 TLV-STEL 0.01 mg/m3.5... 

CaiUot D, Bassaris H, McGeer A, Arthur C, Prentice HG, Seifert W, De Beule K. Intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic mahgnancies, chronic granulomatous disease, or AIDS. Qin Infect Dis 2001 33(8) e83-90. 

Chronic exposure to insoluble beryllium compounds, particularly the oxide, leads to berylliosis (a chronic granulomatous disease), which begins with a cough and chest pains. In most cases, these symptoms soon lead to pulmonary dysfunction. The latency period ranges from months to 25 years. Diagnosis based on clinical, radiographic, and lung function evidence has been found to be difficult. 

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown origin that occurs most commonly in young adults. Pulmonary manifestations occur in more than 90% of patients. Accumulation of CD4 T cells that proliferate in situ spontaneously produces inflammatory cytokines and causes a lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous lesions. The disease is characterized by autoantibodies on erythrocytes (Pilatte et al., 1990), but deregulation of the immune response, in particular the cytokine response, is an alternative explanation to an autoimmune pathogenesis. 

Caution Death may result from short exposure to very low concns of the element and its salts. Contact dermatitis, chemical conjunctivitis, corneal burns, non-healing ulceration at site of injury, subcutaneous nodules may occur following exposure. Acute Pneumonitis may result from single exposure to beryllium and occasionally is fatal. Chronic Pulmonary granulomatous disease may appear in 3 months tn 15 years, often after short exposure to low concn. Uncertainty as to complete recovery. Death rate about 25%. See I. Schubert. Beryllium and Barylliosis in Set. Am. 199, no. 2, pp 27-33 (1938). This substance and certain beryllium compounds may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP... 

Occupational granuloma, both dermatological or otherwise, is a well-known and well-defined noso-graphic entity. In recent years, occupational respiratory granulomatous disease has been studied and monitored because it is the cause of numerous and severe cases of occupational disability. An emblematic case is that of mineworkers, whose pulmonary picture after inhalation of mineral dusts (pneumoconiosis) is... 

Redline S, Barna BP, Tomashefski Jr. JF, Abraham JL. Granulomatous disease associated with pulmonary deposition of titanium. Br J Ind Med 1986 43(10) 652-6. 

Chusid, M.J., Gelfand, J.A., Nutter, C., and Fauci, A.S. (1975). Pulmonary aspergillosis inhalation of contaminated marihuana smoke, chronic granulomatous disease. Ann. Intern. Med., 82, 682-683. 

Antithyroid drugs, especially propylthiouracil, can be associated with the development of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis, often manifesting as renal disease. Atypical presentations, with pulmonary capillaritis (58) and lupus-like syndrome (59), have been described in individual cases. Furthermore, two cases of vasculitis have been associated with carbimazole, one presenting with eosinophilic granulomatous vasculitis localized to the stomach (60) and another with p-ANCA positive vasculitis causing simultaneous acute renal insufficiency and massive pulmonary hemorrhage (61). 

Immunological reactions to cromoglicate can involve the pericardium, the lung, the eye, the nasal mucosa, the skin, the joints, and the liver. Rarely, a hypersensitivity reaction can cause fever (4). A survey of the world literature up to 1982 found 13 cases of facial rash, urticaria, and/or generalized dermatitis, and one of nasal congestion. In 19 patients there was bronchospasm and/or pulmonary edema, eventually culminating in shock. Four cases of eosinophilic or granulomatous pulmonary infiltration, one of liver disease and vasculitis, one of pericarditis, and three of polymyositis were reported. 

Infliximab therapy is associated with increased incidence of respiratory infections of particular concern is potential reactivation of tuberculosis or other granulomatous infections with subsequent dissemination. The FDA recommends that candidates for infliximab therapy should be tested for latent tuberculosis with purified protein derivative, and patients who test positive should be treated prophylactically with isoniazid. However, anergy with a false-negative skin test has been noted in some patients with Crohn s disease, and some experts routinely perform chest radiographs to look for active or latent pulmonary disease. Infliximab also is contraindicated in patients with severe congestive heart failure. The significant cost of infliximab is an important consideration in some patients. 

Toxicology Silicone-relaled diseases can occur, e.g., silicone-induced synovitis and lymphadenopathy, acute and chronic pneumonitis from bleeding from mptured bag-gel breast implants, pulmonary lesions, granulomatous reactions... 

Inhaled dust In a furnace feeder for an aluminium smelting company, granulomatous lung disease was associated with pulmonary... 

COPE with Cytokines. 2006. Available at http //www.copewithcytokines.de/. Kunitake R, Kuwano K, Miyazaki H, et al. Apoptosis in the course of granulomatous inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 1999 13(6) 1329-1337. Agostini C, Zambello R, Sancetta R, et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-receptor superfamily members by lung T lymphocytes in interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996 153 1359-1367. 

Other rare vascular complications of sarcoidosis (limited to a few case reports) include pulmonary arterial stenoses from granulomatous involvement of the vessels, extrinsic compression of pulmonary arteries by enlarged hilar lymph nodes or fibrosing mediastinitis (6), pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (resulting from obstruction of interlobular septa veins by granulomata or perivascular... 

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