Recommendations, safety

The above recommendations from Prudent Practices do not include those which are directed primarily toward prevention of physical injury rather than toxic exposure. However, failure of precautions against injury will often have the secondary effect of causing toxic exposures. Therefore, we list below page references for recommendations concerning some of the major categories of safety hazards which also have implications for chemical hygiene  

Pressurized and vacuum operations (including use of compressed gas cylinders) (27, 75-101) 

Material safety data sheets are presented in Prudent Practices for the chemicals listed below. (Asterisks denote that comprehensive material safety data sheets are provided.) 

Hydrogen chloride (98) Hydrogen cyanide (133) Hydrogen sulfide (135) Mercury and compounds (52) Methanol (137) 

The following references are provided to assist the employer in the development of a Chemical Hygiene Plan. The materials listed below are offered as nonmandatory guidance. References listed here do not imply specific endorsement of a book, opinion, technique, policy or a specific solution for a safety or health problem. Other references not listed here may better meet the needs of a specific laboratory. 

Kind of exposure Single radiation dose Average radiation dose per capitem of the population 

Medical applications External radiation sources (medical application of X rays or radionuclides) Diagnosis 1-lOmSv 0.1-1 mSv a 0.5 mSv/y 

Internal radiation sources (medical application of radionuclides such as Tc) Diagnosis 1-1000 mSv O.l-lOmSv a 0.02mSv/y 

Other radiations Technical applications of radionuclides and ionizing radiation 0.02mSv/y 

The assumption by ICRP of a linear relation between radiation effects and dose (section 22.5) implies the highest degree of safety. It may overestimate the risk, but for safety reasons its application is recommended. In the linear ICRP approach, the risk Tc of cancer is assumed to be given by 

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U.S. National Transportation Safety Board, Safety Recommendations, P-75-14 and 15, 1975. 

New Mexico occupational health and safety recommended practices for oil and gas well drilling and service operations, State of New Mexico Environmental Improvement Division Report No. EID/OHS-82/2, 1982. 

Shell boilers are supplied with controls making them suitable for unattended operation, although the insurance companies to comply with safety recommendations call for certain operations such as blowdown of controls. 

APHs will be reviewed annually to ensure compliance with current plant and equipment, procedures and changes in health and safety recommendations. 

Read and follow all instructions and safety recommendations provided by the manufacturer before undertaking any process. This includes mixing, handling, disposal, and storage. Request a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) from the manufacturers of photo chemicals. Collect these in a loose-leaf binder and keep it where someone can find it in an emergency. 

Some noncorrosive liquids can be poured onto cat litter and placed in a plastic bag. Often, dry chemicals or contaminated materials can be disposed of by sealing them in a plastic bag. These should be left in a closed, outside dumpster. Do not mix liquid and solid waste together, as dangerous reactions might occur. Be sure to read and follow all safety recommendations that come with the chemicals. 

Is the system to track and verify process safety recommendations working well and is it up-to-date ... 

AFNOR publishes monographs on a number of essential oils relating to the chemical composition of a number of standard oils. Compositions are presented as a percentage range for the main (approximately six) chemical components. In addition, the monographs are useful for safety recommendations and list physicochemical values for each oil. 

Assess your project based on how clearly the chemistry concepts and safety recommendations are conveyed. 

Veterinary products are applied by man and may, in certain cases, present hazards to the user, for example by accidential injection. Proper handling can avoid problems. Appropriate safety recommendations should be included on the product label or in the package insert. Certain products may require further safety measures concerning their storage, use and disposal, and it may be necessary to substantiate the problem by specific studies on the local skin or mucosal irritation, percutaneous irritation, inhalation toxicity or on the allergic potential (EEC, Volume VI, Part IV, Notes for Guidance). 

This comprehensive laboratory text includes 48 experiments with background theoretical information, complete experimental descriptions, safety recommendations, and computer applications. Updated chapters are provided regarding the collection and analysis of data and the use of spreadsheets and other scientific software. Supplementary instructor information regarding necessary supplies, equipment, and procedures is provided in an integrated manner in the text. 

National Transportation Safety Board, Safety Recommendation 1-78 pp. 14 to 16 August 30, 1978. 

As the project was considered as a pre-normative research effort, special emphasis was devoted to the translation of the toxicological data to risk assessment, to the provision of a scientific basis for safety recommendations on fibre-based food contact materials and to the dissemination of the results to various stakeholders (industry, regulatory bodies, consumers). The project was presented in the 3rd International Symposium on Food Packaging (ILSI,... 

Safety Recommendations for Large Scale Storage of Ammonia... 

Safety Recommendations for the Installation of State Ammonia Tanks on Customers Premises... 

Safety Recommendations for the Construction of Tank-Cars for the Transport of Ammonia by Road... 

Safety recommendations have been made by the USButMines (Refs 4 7)... 

Before applications are dealt with, the main variables governing microwave-assisted processes and the parameters characterizing specific microwave treatments are examined. The applications discussed include not only microwave-assisted digestion and extraction — which are the two most widely implemented and hence those with the highest potential interest to readers — but also others of special significance to solid sample treatment such as microwave-assisted drying, distillation and protein hydrolysis. Finally, some safety recommendations on the use of microwave equipment are made. 

In any case you should be aware of reliable sources of hazard data and safety recommendations ... 

ISMP—Spain publishes information about submitted reports on their web site www.usal.es/ismp and includes safety recommendations designed to help reduce the probability of such errors recurring. The goal is to make this information readily available to healthcare professionals. 

When working with etchant solution, wear rubber gloves to keep the chemicals from contacting and staining your skin. Also, wear old clothes. The stain from the ferric chloride will ruin any clothing and the stain will not come out. Make sure you have plenty of rags around to wipe up spills, and follow all the safety recommendations on the package. Always pour the ferric chloride dry etchant powder into the water. Do not pour the water onto the ferric chloride. When you pour the ferric chloride into the water, do so slowly. Use distilled water for this solution. 

Safety recommendations in building design can be summarized in terms of a safety check list ... 

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