Defining principles

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Report of the NIH panel to define principles of therapy of HIV infection and guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. MMWR 47(RR-5), 1-82. 

These defining principles have been used by Browne et al. (2000) to develop a composite definition of ethical trading as follows ... 

The next step is choice of research subject model. It has been said before that design of experiments rests on cybernetic concepts about the research subject. A black box> is therefore recommended as the research subject model, which will be affected by various controllable factors. The defining principles of such a model cor-... 

The aim of organic standards is to ensure that animals produced and sold as organic are raised and marketed according to defined principles. Standards and state regulations in conjunction with accreditation and certification are therefore very important as guarantees for the consumer. 

M.A. Abraham (Ed.) Sustainability Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, Defining Principles, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006. 

The choice of the zero point is an essential element in the safety file of a nuclear test. However, this file covers many other aspects. It specifies the conditions for performing the test in conformity with the defined principles, in order to avoid accidents and ensure the radiological protection of the personnel and the environment. It must satisfy both the severe criteria for defining the explosion point and the many rules governing operational implementation. After examination and approval, this file becomes the reference document for the test in terms of safety. Any subsequent change necessitates a new examination. 

The Merriam Webster s Collegiate Dictionary defines toxicology as a science that deals with poisons and their effect and with the problems involved (as clinical, industrial, or legal). The science of toxicology has been instrumental in developing the animal and early human trials to develop new pharmaceuticals. The dose-response relationship is the defining principle of this science. 

Many alkaloids have methyl groups on nitrogen or on oxygen or the equivalent methylene groups on two oxygens. It is notable that other alkyl groups are never present except in the rather special cases of the Aconite alkaloids, and therefore methylation is in a special position which as recent investigations have shown follows well-defined principles (186, 388-391). 

Proponents call homeopathy s defining principle the Law of Similars or like cures like. This holds that substances that cause healthy people to get symptoms of a certain medical condition or disease can cure conditions or... 

Numerous applications have been developed in the field of chemical analysis using potentiometric measurements as indicators, including the production of potentiometric sensors and titration devices. In this chapter, we will focus on the defining principles of these potentiometric methods at zero current when these systems are in thermodynamic equilibrium, which is not necessarily true for all potentiometric measurements. In particular, the following description is confined to electrochemical cells with no ionic junction. In practice, these results will also be applied to many experimental cases in which ionic junction voltages can be neglected . 

Defining principles of a potentlostat Laboratory device using 3 electrodes and enabling the control of the WE potential vs Ref (no current flows through the reference electrode)... 

Some systems, such as the UnitedStates Veterans Affairs, have invested heavily in both financial and quality assessments and as a consequence can monitor and track quality over time. In many healthcare systems, a considerable amount of safety and quality data is collected, but this has relatively little impact on day-to-day practice. The problem in Britain at least is not the paucity of the data but that the available information is widely scattered and not easily accessible to clinical teams and managers. The Bristol Inquiry report for instance, concluded that Bristol was awash with data (Aylin et al, 2004). However, little of this information was available to parents and it did not help in the identification, prior to the Enquiry, of the problems brewing there. A central feature of the recent report by Darzi (2009) is that quality must be the defining principle of the British NHS and that quality needs to be systematically measured. 

Algebra is used to solve many simple problems encountered by process technicians. Basic mathematics is useful but inadequate for all process problems. Algebra uses letters and symbols to represent variables that are known and unknown. This form of mathematics allows unknown variables to be identified by following well-defined principles. 

Tunca C, Ramachandran PA, Dudukovic MP Role of chemical reaction engineering in sustainable process development. In Abraham MA, editor Sustainability science and engineering defining principles, San Diego, CA, 2006, Elsevier. 

The presentation of amino acid sequences in Chapter 4 is again selective, including mainly those of human, mouse, and rabbit immunoglobulins. Selected sequences are presented in other sections where relevant, in particular where they serve to define principles underlying the construction of the antibody molecule or to illuminate the genetic control of the immune response. The Atlas of Protein Structure, published periodically, is a comprehensive source of amino acid sequences (Margaret O. DayhofF, ed., The National Biomedical Research Foundation, Silver Spring, Maryland). 

Self-determination for nations was little more than lip service. Besides political considerations as described above, one more fundamental problem was unanswered and to a certain degree stiU remains unsolved today. There was no generally valid definition of a nation. Without knowing to whom self-determination could be granted, it was doomed to be a political tool for the powerful that could be used at their discretion. There was no right to self-determination yet. Even calling it a principle may be too much. The dictionary defines principle as a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption or a rule or code of conduct. Self-determination was certainly not a fundamental law in the years following World War I and as it was applied so very inconsistently that one can hardly speak of a code of conduct. 

Define principles. Define traceability trails. Refer to separate procedure if appropriate and attach a copy as an appendix)... 

The purpose of this Safety Fundamentals publication is to define principles whose effective application will ensure appropriate protection and safety in any situation which involves or might involve exposure to radiation. It is intended to be used, as appropriate, by the Sponsoring Organizations in their international assistance operations and by national authorities and national organizations in their programmes. Moreover, it also provides a concise statement of the principles of protection and safety for decision makers in technical and policy matters. 

In general the DIN V 54900 is quite similar to the EN13432, certainly with regard to overall philosophy and approach. Yet, some distinct differences can also be noticed. Again, the norm is not only defining principles and test procedures but also specific criteria and pass levels. 

Directive No. 89/391/EC, on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers, defines the employer s commitment to perform risk analyses at a workplace (Section II, Article 6, Paragraph 2, 3) and notify workers of same (Section II, Article 10, Paragraph 1). The enactment defines principles of occupational health and safety with the main principles being the commitment of designers, project engineers, and users of machines and machinery to assess risks. 

As we begin here to define principles and guidelines for action plans, it is important to keep one thing in mind—you need to start with the conviction that there is rarely a generic best way to implement a process involving human interaction. For a behavior-based safety process to succeed in your setting, you will need to work out the procedural details with the people whose involvement is necessary. The process needs to be customized to fit your culture. 

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