Defect definition

J-STD-002, Solderability Tests for Component Leads, Terminations, Lugs, Terminals, and Wires. This standard prescribes the recommended test methods, defect definitions, acceptance criteria, and illustrations for assessing the solderabihty of electronic component leads, terminations, solid wire, stranded wire, lugs, and tabs. 

J-STD-003, Solderability Tests for Printed Boards. J-STD- 003, Solderability Tests for Printed Boards, was released in April 1992 to complement the requirements of J-STD-001. This standard prescribes the recommended test methods, defect definitions, and Ulnstrations for assessing the solderability of printed board surface conductors, attachment lands, and plated-through holes. 

Creating a team charter and identifying the key personnel who will champion (mentor) the project ensures that the problem statement is clearly defined, problem/defect definitions are developed and that a written charter and deliverables for the project are established (The Process Improvement Notebook,TQLO Publication No. 97-01, n.d.). Team charters include the business case analysis such as problem and goal statements (injury and/or damage reduction), project scope,bench-marks/milestones, and the roles and responsibilities of the team. One key element in the team charter is a plan for communicating information to leadership team on the status of each stage of the project (Waddick, n.d.). 

The sensitivity to defects and other control parameters can be improved by optimizing the choice of the probe. It appears, after study of different types of probes (ferritic, wild steel, insulator) with different geometries (dish, conical,. ..), necessary to underline that the success of a feasibility research, largely depends on a suitable definition of measure collectors, so that they are adapted to the considered problem. 

PIsanI C, Orlando R and Cora F 1992 On the problem of a suitable definition of the cluster In embedded-cluster treatments of defects In crystals J. Chem. Phys. 97 4195-204... 

The next step is to define the intermediate event, tire failure. There are two events which could contribute a worn tire resulting from much usage or a tire that is defective owing to a manufacturing problem. These are both basic events because additional information is needed for any further definition. 

New Definitions of Defect. The concept espoused by Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts, namely, that a manufacturer was strictly Hable for selling a defective product and that proof of fault was unnecessary, worked well with regard to products that contained manufactuting defects. 

Although the traditional point of reference for safety interlock systems is a hard-wired implementation, a programmed implementation is an alternative. The potential for latent defects in software implementation is a definite concern. Another concern is that solid-state components are not guaranteed to fail to the safe state. The former is addressed by extensive testing the latter is addressed by manufacturer-supplied and/or user-supplied diagnostics that are routinely executed by the processor within the safety interlock system. Although issues must be addressed in programmable implementations, the hard-wired implementations are not perfect either. 

The true influence of flaws and defects on component failure is commonly misunderstood. This misunderstanding often arises from one of two misconceptions. The first misconception can be clarified by simple definitions of a flaw and a defect. 

For a simplified case, one can obtain the rate of CL emission, =ft GI /e, where /is a function containing correction parameters of the CL detection system and that takes into account the fact that not all photons generated in the material are emitted due to optical absorption and internal reflection losses q is the radiative recombination efficiency (or internal quantum efficiency) /(, is the electron-beam current and is the electronic charge. This equation indicates that the rate of CL emission is proportional to q, and from the definition of the latter we conclude that in the observed CL intensity one cannot distii pish between radiative and nonradiative processes in a quantitative manner. One should also note that q depends on various factors, such as temperature, the presence of defects, and the... 

Improvement in business performance is essential for growth and profit, but the ISO/TS 16949 requirements are not concerned with your growth and profits they are concerned with product quality, and one definition of product quality that signals improvement potential is freedom from defects . Achieving quality become a quest to eliminate defects and in so doing reduces variation in the operational processes, but even when there are no defectives, there will still be variation. One might well question the need to reduce variation when there are no defectives but by reducing variation you will have fewer breakdowns, fewer errors, less space allocated to inventory, less waste, etc. in fact fewer problems and increased profit as a result. 

Although the standard does not recognize any classification of nonconformities, the practical application of nonconformity controls requires controls to be balanced with the severity of the nonconformity. It is not necessary to seek concessions from a customer against requirements that have not been specified, or seek design authority approval for workmanship imperfections. The definition of the term defect in ISO 8402, and the fact that there are many requirements other than those specified in a contract or needed to satisfy market needs, demands that it is sensible to classify nonconformities into three categories ... 

Returning to the standard, this clause also only addresses the correction and prevention of nonconformities, i.e. departures from the specified requirements. It does not address the correction of defects, of inconsistencies, of errors, or in fact any deviations from your internal specifications or requirements. As explained in Part 2 Chapter 13, if we apply the definition of nonconformity literally, a departure from a requirement that is not included in the Specified Requirements is not a nonconformity and hence the standard is not requiring corrective action for such deviations. Clearly this was not the intention of the requirement because preventing the recurrence of any problem is a sensible course of action to take, providing it is economical. Economics is, however, the crux of the matter. If you include every requirement in the Specified Requirements , you not only overcomplicate the nonconformity controls but the corrective and preventive action controls as well. 

Hazard identification is defined as tlie process of determining whetlier human exposure to an agent could cause an increase in the incidence of a health condition (cancer, birtli defect, etc.) or whetlier exposure to nonliumans, such as fish, birds, and otlier fonns of wildlife, could cause adverse effects. Hazard identification cliaracterizes tlie liazard in terms of tlie agent and dose of the agent. Since tliere are few hazardous chemicals or hazardous agents for wliich definitive exposure data in humans exists, tlie identification of health hazards is often characterized by the effects of health hazards on laboratory test animals or other test systems. ... 

Usually most machinery failure analysis is performed at component level, therefore, a definition is required to state what constitutes life attainment in connection with component failure. Defect limit is a term that is used in this context and needs to be expanded upon to understand it fully. 

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