Databases foods

FAO (2006a). "FAOSTAT Database.". Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy http //faostatfao.org/. 

Fay RM, Mumtaz MM 1996. Development of a priority list of chemical mixtures, occurring at 1188 hazardous waste sites, using HazDat database. Food Chem Toxicol 34 1163-1165. 

Valente, A. and Albuquerque, T. 2011. Ascorbic acid content in exotic fruits A contribution to produce quabty data for food composition databases. Food Res. Int. 44 2237-2242. 

In statistical databases food waste is not found. EurostaC° gives values for the treated municipal waste in total and to the incinerated and recycled shares for all European countries. The statistical office from Germany gives data for household waste in total... 

Blitz CL, Murphy SP, Au DLM. Adding lignan values to a food composition database. / Food Compos Anal. 2007 2059—105. 

Minkiewicz P, Dziuba J, Michalska J (2011) Bovine meat proteins as potential precursors of biologically active peptides—a computational study based on the BIOPEP database. Food Sci Technol Int 17 39 5... 

Offers direct access to virtually all of the world s scientific and data bases for toxicology and related information. Covers chemicals, pesticides, food additives, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and pharmaceuticals. The Center is online to more than 400 computerized databases, including DIALOG, MEDLARS, STN International, ITIS, and DROLS. It performs searches for outside users for a fee. 

Table 7.1 shows the common dietary sources of carotenoids in regular vegetable foods, p,g/100 fresh weight. Although the greatest amount of the hydrocarbon carotenoids is present as the all-trans isomer, there is always a proportion of cis isomers present. This table represents only a small number of the fruits and vegetables that contribute carotenoids in the European diet. For more comprehensive information readers are directed to A European Carotenoid Database O Neill et al, 2001, which lists the carotenoid composition of over 100 food items. 

Of course, the term proven efficacy is central to any resource investment in this area. Basic information on time and dose responses in humans to complex foods rich in carotenoids (and other phytochemicals) is pitifully small. Much of our information is based upon inadequate databases derived from chemical analysis, in vitro models that have not been properly evaluated or validated, and short-term, high-dose human studies. Future research progress requires much more rigorous debate on the experimental systems employed... 

In most studies, phytoestrogen intake has been estimated by direct methods that evaluate food intake either by recall (food-frequency questionnaires -FFQs) or by record (food diary), and subsequently by composition databases based on information of this kind. Food-frequency questionnaires are widely administered to subjects involved in epidemiological studies. Their validity and reproducibility is considered sufficient when statistically correlated to data obtained from dietary records (a properly-completed and comprehensive food diary) and from analysis of blood and urine samples (Kirk et ah, 1999 Huang et al, 2000 Yamamoto et al, 2001 Verkasalo et al, 2001). FFQs can be repeated several times a year and may be administered to large populations. Such an approach provides an easy and low-cost method of assessing the... 

An inverse correlation between thyroid cancer risk and phytoestrogens was recently proposed as a result of a multi-ethnic population-based case control study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area (Hom-Ross et al., 2002). In this study, dietary habits and phytoestrogen consumption were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire and by a nutrient database. The outcome of the study was that soy-based foods and alfalfa sprouts were associated with a reduction of thyroid cancer risk, whereas a Western diet did not influence cancer risk. No difference was observed between American and Asian women or between pre- and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, among the few compounds examined, the isoflavones genistein and daidzein and the lignan secoisolariciresinol were the phytoestrogens most frequently associated with risk reduction (Horn-Ross et al., 2002). 

To obtain an updated set of data on the phytoestrogens content in foods and diets, we suggest checking the following websites http //www.venus-ca.org/database.htm (phytoestrogen database of the EU-funded project VENUS) http //www.nal.usda.gov/fhic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isoflav.html (USDA-Iowa State University database on the isoflavones content of foods) and http //www.ilf.bbsrc.ac.uk/phytochemicals/Links.htm (Institute of Food Research Database on the levels of bioactive compounds in plant foods). 

KiELY M, FAUGHNAN M, WAHALA K, BRANTS H and MULLIGAN A (2003) Phytoestrogen levels in foods - the design and construction of the VENUS database. Br J Nutr. in press. 

USDA Food Composition Data (database on the Internet), Nutrient Data Laboratory. Beltsville, MD, Release 19, http //www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm docid=5121, 2006. 

Many countries have food composition databases but only a few present the compositions of some carotenoids. The U.S. Department of Agriculture s NCC Carotenoid Database covers 215 foods and cites levels of a-carotene, P-carotene, lycopene, P-cryptoxanthin, lutein plus zeaxanthin, and also zeaxanthin in a more limited number of foods. An electronic version of this database is available at http //www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata. 

A representative sampling that reflects a food sample should be planned. In the case of analysis for the Food Composition Database, nationwide composite samples should be prepared. Consideration should be given, among other factors, to the major regions of the country, the different brands of processed foods available, and consumption in industrial and rural areas. ... 

The Library of Chemical Information is maintained by the US Food and Drug Administration s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and is an excellent database for multiple classes of chemicals including food additives, cosmetics, colour additives, pesticides and other chemicals. 

Availability of existing databases To select hiotic indicators with a significant role in the trophic transfer of MeHg in aquatic food wehs Medium Low Low Low Medium to Low Medium Medium... 

Fig. 6.2 Plot of6675 foods from the USDA Database for Food Consumption Survey (USDA 1989-91)...

Exposure Levels in Humans. Although some data on the levels of americium in human tissues exposed to natural background levels (food, water, and air) are available, few measurements have been made on the americium content in human tissues. The principal source of information about occupationally exposed individuals is the U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) Tissue Program and database, established to document levels and distribution of uranium and transuranium isotopes in human tissues for occupationally exposed workers (USTUR 1999). Several major database files are available. 

Patients should always start with the lowest recommended dose and increase slowly to avoid overdosing. Follow-up with the patient is necessary to evaluate whether the dietary supplement is safe and effective. Report any suspected adverse event to FDA s Medwatch, 1-800-FDA-1088. FDA has developed the Special Nutritionals Adverse Event Monitoring System (SN/AEMS), a database of adverse events associated with the use of special nutritional products dietary supplements, infant formulas, and medical foods. ... 

For processing, the data on energy consumption were collected, within the trade, it was travel distance, information on cargo and storage time of various foods. All data was obtained primarily from farmers, processors and traders, absent sufficient data, it was supplemented by data from available databases, especially the Ecoinvent database. 

SADA provides a full human health risk assessment module and associated databases. The risk models follow the USEPA s Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) and can be customized to fit site-specific exposure conditions. It calculates risks based on the following exposure pathways ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, food consumption, and also a combined exposure. 

Analyst to conduct multipathway human health risk assessments and food-web based ecological risk assessment modeling. BREEZE risk analyst combines databases, GIS functionality, fate, transport, and exposure modeling equations into one software application... 

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