Trophic transfer

Fisher NS, Reinfelder JR (1995) The trophic transfer of metals in marine systems. In Tessier A, Turner DR (eds) Metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems. Wiley, Chichester, p 363... 

Availability of existing databases To select hiotic indicators with a significant role in the trophic transfer of MeHg in aquatic food wehs Medium Low Low Low Medium to Low Medium Medium... 

Importance in trophic transfer of MeHg. Preference should be given to bioindieator organisms that have an important role in the trophic transfer of MeHg within food webs. 

In summaiy, prey fish are present in most surface waters, require moderate sampling effort, are important in the trophic transfer of MeHg in aquatic food webs, and probably indicate annual changes in exposure to MeHg. Given these attributes. 

The dietary importance of benthic invertebrates to many species of fish, birds, and mammals (Vander Zanden and Vadeboncoenr 2002) signifies their importance in the trophic transfer of MeHg and their potential relevance as biological indicators. Some benthic invertebrates (e g., oysters, clams, shrimp, crabs, and crayfish) are consumed by humans, providing a direct pathway for exposure to MeHg. In the United States, shellfish rank below fish as a source of dietary MeHg in the human population (NRC 2000 Schober et al. 2003). 

Zooplankton are small, often microscopic crustaceans that live in the water colunm. They are widely distributed, common, and important in pelagic food webs. Zooplankton are eaten by marty fish and by early life stages of some fish that become piscivorous as juverriles or adrrlts. Zooplankton are not eaten by httmans but are an appropriate and relevant candidate indicator because of their importance in the trophic transfer of MeHg to fish. Sampling would not significantly affect populations or assemblages of zooplankton, even in small lakes. 

Cleckner LB, Garrison PG, Hmley JP, Olson ML, Krabbenhofl DP. 1998. Trophic transfer of methyl mercury in the northern Florida Everglades. Biogeochemistry 40 347-361. 

Mason RP, Reinfelder JR, Morel EMM. 1996. Uptake, toxicity, and trophic transfer of mercury in a coastal diatom. Environ Sci Technol 30 1835-1845. 

Hogan LS, Marschall E, Folt C, Stein RA (2007) How non-native species in Lake Erie influence trophic transfer of mercury and lead to top predators. J Great Lakes Res 33 46-61... 

Wallace, W.G., G.R. Lopez, and J.S. Levinton. 1998. Cadmium resistance in an oligochaete and its effect on cadmium trophic transfer to an omnivorous shrimp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 172 225-237. 

Weis, J.S. and P. Weis. 1993. Trophic transfer of contaminants from organisms living by chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated wood to their predators. Jour. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 168 25-34. 

Connell, D.B., J.G. Sanders, G.F. Riedel, and G.R. Abbe. 1991. Pathways of silver uptake and trophic transfer in estuarine organisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25 921-924. 

Fisher, N.S. and W. Wang. 1998. Trophic transfer of silver to marine herbivores a review of recent studies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 562-571. 

Maruya, K.A. and R.F. lee. 1998. Biota-sediment accumulation and trophic transfer factors for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 2463-2469. 

Dobroski, C.J., Jr. and C.E. Epifanio. 1980. Accumulation of benzo[a]pyrene in a larval bivalve via trophic transfer. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37 2318-2322. 

Figure 11. Uptake rates of inorganic Hg (a) and of methylmercury (b) by a marine alga as a function of the octanol-water distribution ratio of the Hg-species under various conditions of pH and chloride concentrations. The neutral species HgCl and CH5HgClH diffuse through the membranes. Reprinted with permission from [79] Mason, R. P. et al. (1996). Uptake, toxicity, and trophic transfer in a coastal diatom , Environ. Sci Technol., 30, 1835-1845 copyright (1996) American Chemical Society...

Several models have been developed for a kinetic approach to bioaccumulation that would model the trophic transfer of contaminant in animals from ingested food. A first-order kinetic model has been proposed, which considers uptake from both dissolved and particulate phases [95], A particular application of that model is to separate the pathways for metal uptake in marine suspension and deposit feeders since ... 

Fisher, N. S. and Reinfelder, J. R. (1995). The trophic transfer of metals in marine systems, In Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems, eds. Tessier, A. and Turner, D. R., Vol. 3, IUPAC Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems. Series eds. Buffle, J. and van Leeuwen, H. P., John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp. 363 -06. 

Biddinger GR, Gloss SP. 1984. The importance of trophic transfer in the bioaccumulation of chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Residue Rev 91 103-145. 

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