Searching Efficiency

Several extensions of wavelets have been developed to improve their ability to solve practical problems. Wavelet packets (Coifman and Wick-erhauser, 1992) are a library of basis functions that cover a wide variety of shapes. The library can be searched efficiently to select the best set of... 

Hagadone, T.R. Molecular substructure similarity searching efficient retrieval in two-dimensional structure databases. 

Hagadone, T. R. (1992) Molecular substructure similarity searching Efficient retrieval in two-dimensional structure databases../. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 32, 515-521. 

While most combinatorial researches reported up to now involve the use of GA, using the traditional crossover and mutation operators (e.g. WGS 1), it has also been proposed to design new operators for each specific application, to improve search efficiency by means of knowledge extraction [32]. Hence, new methods that combine ES with a knowledge extraction engine have been reported recently within the field of heterogeneous catalysis, such as mining association rules [12, 18, 30, 33] and neural networks [19, 29, 34]. 

There are different classes of protein sequence databases. Primary and secondary databases are used to address different aspects of sequence analysis. Composite databases amalgamate a variety of different primary sources to facilitate sequence searching efficiently. The primary structure (amino acid sequence) of a protein is stored in primary databases as linear alphabets that represent the constituent residues. The secondary structure of a protein corresponding to region of local regularity (e.g., a-helices, /1-strands, and turns), which in sequence alignments are often apparent as conserved motifs, is stored in secondary databases as patterns. The tertiary structure of a protein derived from the packing of its secondary structural elements which may form folds and domains is stored in structure databases as sets of atomic coordinates. Some of the most important protein sequence databases are PIR (Protein Information Resource), SWISS-PROT (at EBI and ExPASy), MIPS (Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences), JIPID (Japanese International Protein Sequence Database), and TrEMBL (at EBI). ... 

SciFinder provides an easy interface to search efficiently scientific information without needing to learn complicated issues of database searching of chemical information. Tutorials are available on the web for using Explore by Research Topic, how to set up a Keep Me Posted alert to get breaking news, Browse the Table of Contents of journals, and other SciFinder features. Explore by Chemical Structure allows one to find substances based on their structure to display its physical properties, as well as information on obtaining the substance from commercial sources. CAS STN and SciFinder are considered the most extensive source of chemical information, particularly for information from the patent literature. 

Hagadone, T.R. Molecular Substructure Similarity Searching - Efficient Retrieval in 2-Dimensional Structure Databases. J. Chem. Inf. Comput.Sci., 1992,32,515-521. 

In nonlinear least squares analysis we search for those parameter values I that mirumize the sum of squares of the differences between the measured values and the calculated values for all the data points. Many software programs are available to find these parameter values and all one has to do is to enter the data. The PO LYMATH software will be used to illustrate this technique. In order to carry out the search efficiently, in some cases one has to enter initial estimates of the parameter values close to the actual values. These estimates can be obtained using the linear-least-squares technique just discussed. 

We can also specialize a modeling class by characterizing several of its dominant or critical properties. For selected operations, such as composite or ab initio operations, specialization can further refine the search space and afford greater (search) efficiency. 

Some researchers have combined various optimization algorithms to improve the search efficiency and computational effort, including evolutionary algorithms (EA), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (AGO), hybrid PSO-SQP, hybrid GA-ACO. Nevertheless, the combination of the GA and SQP algorithms is reported only in a few works [1,2]. 

This section has addressed from a theoretical point of view the question of how protein space can be searched efficiently and thoroughly, either in the laboratory or in Nature. It was shown that point mutation alone is incapable of evolving systems with substantially new protein folds. It was further... 

In practice, doing this least-squares minimization by hand may be interesting once (and may then serve to illustrate the principle of the method), but it pretty soon will become tedious. Fortunately, computer algorithms have been designed to perform this search efficiently, and Excel contains several of them. 

Chapter 7 introduces ways in which RDBMS can be used to handle chemical structural information using SMILES and SMARTS representations. It shows how extensions to relational databases allow chemical structural information to be stored and searched efficiently. In this way, chemical structures themselves can be stored in data columns. Once chemical structures become proper data types, many search and computational options become available. Conversion between different chemical structure formats is also discussed, along with input and output of chemical structures. 

TR Hagadone. Molecular substructure similarity searching—efficient retrieval in 2-dimensional structure databases. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 32 515-521, 1992. 

A tracking camera, posihoned - 200 cm above the center of the pool can be used to quantify the distance swam on each trial and thereby determine swimming speed when combined with latency measurements. The tracking system can also display swim path and distance and proved additional informahon on search efficiency and exploration patterns during acquisition and probe trials. This equipment and associated computer software can be obtained from several commercial manufacturers. 

---