Interfaces Database Management System

MACCS-II enables direct interface with other database management systems, such as the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and Oracle, so that databases which contain text and numeric data for which special interfaces are normally needed can be constmcted. Eor example, an Oracle MACCS-II linked system is currendy being used by the National Institute on Dmg Abuse (113) to develop a database that will allow scientists to determine the molecular stmctures of cocaine and other controlled substances as well as designer dmgs. 

File manager systems—Maintain files and handle data input to and output from the files. Database management systems (DBMS) contain integrated sets of files related by their use and provide uniform software interfaces for accessing data. The essential relationships between records in the files may be of several types, including sequential, associative, or hierarchical. 

MACCS-II enables direct interface with other database management systems, such as Ihe Relational Database Management System RDBMS) and Oracle, so that databases that contain text and numeric data, for which special interfaces arc normally needed, can be constructed. 

Platform PDA (1995) The hardware and software that must be present and functioning for an application program to perform as intended. A platform includes, but is not limited to, the operating system or executive software, communication software, microprocessor, network, input/output hardware, any generic software libraries, database management, user interface software, etc. 

The data model gives us the constructs that provide a foundation for the development and use of a database management system. It also provides the framework for such tools and techniques as user interface languages. The user of these languages is often called a database administrator (DBA). There are three types of user interface languages ... 

A distributed database management system will generally look much like replicated versions of a more conventional single-location database management system. We can thus imagine replicated versions of Figure 7. For simplicity, we show only the physical database, the database access interface mechanism, and the data dictionary for each database. Figure 10 indicates one possible conceptual... 

Those parts of the pharmaceutical database which handle input and output of structural formulae, i.e., the registration of compounds, the data sheets, and part of the result output are implemented using MACCS-II. A typical data sheet output is shown in Figure 2. One of the features of MACCS-II which we heavily use is the interface to the ORACLE database management system. The example data sheet shown in Figure 2... 

A product development system requires a system executive that controls the execution of application programs a database management system, user interfaces, support utilities, networking capabilities and distributed computing. The executive system must support multiple and concurrent users, who may operate either in batch mode or interactively. 

The problem facing the enterprise as whole is that the proliferation of distributed systems may result in different database management systems. The use of so-called relational models and the structure query language (SQL) for data access and retrieval will simplify the interface problems. If the proper software is used, these distributed databases will appear as if they were a single information source. A user will be able to get the information he or she needs without having to know where the data are stored. Furthermore, such software will run under different types of network protocol, media, and operating systems. 

The components we use are made from other components. Figure 11.3 illustrates how a larger component (a video rental system) might be assembled by assembling components for membership, reservations, and stock management. We think of this as the upper interface it is the direct and visible connecting of parts that provide well-defined services. Examples of such upper interfaces are the public operations of a class, APIs of databases, windows systems, and, of course, the primary services offered by the membership, reservations, and stock management components. 

On completion of an analysis, the results are checked and vahdated by the analyst and compared with preset Hmits based on permitted concentration values or consented values, before being sent electronically to the database. Any result which breaches a particular Hmit can be repeated for confirmation. About 80% of the work is fully automated in this way, with most of the major items of equipment being interfaced to the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). 

Ongoing maintenance of the LIMS validation status requires a suitable infrastructure to be in place. This infrastructure will consist of a LIMS manager/owner and appropriate SOPs. The LIMS manager will be responsible for controlling any changes to the system, interfaces, LANAVAN architecture, LIMS functionality, and the data held within the database. 

Information collection is the basic function of an information system. The information collected forms the basis of decision making at different levels from business management to device control. There are many methods of information collection, depending on the information sources and technologies used. Device sensors may provide data regarding device status barcode scanners may provide data about the production status of online products and form scanners and database table view interfaces may provide data about order, raw material purchasing, and user requirements. Some data may also come from e-mail systems. The data collected can be stored in different data formats and different repositories. 

Four or five software systems now offer structure searching on PC s and databases are available for use with them. Some of these systems have faciUties for data handling or interfaces to database management packages (for example, PSIDOM can be used in conjunction with dBASE III). 

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