Application programs

Portable industrial PC with additional control electronics and application program... 

It is important to note that the draft standard only proposes a format model. A standard or a doeument describing the application programming interfaces is necessary to implement it on a given medium. 

This standard proposal is limited to a format model. So, as it had been pointed out earlier, the implementation of this format requires some complementary work, which can partly be standardized. The definition of the Application Programming Interfaces (A.P.l.) could become a standard in the future. Nonetheless, this would require the creation of a new ad hoc group, with different technical competences. 

Most database users do not know how the data are organized in a database system (DBS) they depend solely on the application programs. This is sufficient for most database searches where users can receive large amounts of results quickly and easily, e.g., on literature or other information. Nevertheless, a basic knowledge on where and how to find deeper or more detailed information is quite useful. Due to their complex nature, comprehensive searches (e.g., for processes or patents) are not recommended for beginners. However, most local (in-house), online, and CD-ROM databases provide extensive tutorials and help functions that are specific to the database, and that give a substantial introduction into database searching. 

RSSMAP - Reactor Safety Study Methodology Applications Program. 

Boyd, G.J., et al., Final Report Phase 1 Systems Interaction Methodology Applications Program, April 1980... 

Taylor, J. H. et al., 1986, Probabilistic Safety Study Applications Program for In tion of the Indian Point Unit 3 Nuclear Power Plant, NUREG/CR-4565, March. 

System software is the connection between the user and the machine. It provides management of the system resources and utilities vshich simplify development of applications programs. Essential system softwaic includes... 

Figure 8 depicts our view of an ideal structure for an applications program. The boxes with the heavy borders represent those functions that are problem specific, while the light-border boxes represent those functions that can be relegated to problem-independent software. This structure is well-suited to problems that are mathematically either systems of nonlinear algebraic equations, ordinary differential equation initial or boundary value problems, or parabolic partial differential equations. In these cases the problem-independent mathematical software is usually written in the form of a subroutine that in turn calls a user-supplied subroutine to define the system of equations. Of course, the user must write the subroutine that defines his particular system of equations. However, that subroutine should be able to make calls to problem-independent software to return many of the components that are needed to assemble the governing equations. Specifically, such software could be called to return in-... 

Figure 8. Schematic representation of an ideal applications program. The boxes with the heavy borders represent those functions that are problem specific, while the light-border boxes represent those functions that can be relegated to problem-independent software.

The fuel eell is a nineteenth eentuiy invention in the twentieth eentury it heeame the heart of an eleetroehemical power plant and power souree, whieh is now in a stage of advaneed technology development. Its first and only applieation since the early 1960s, has been as an auxiliary power souree for spaee flights by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). During the past decade, development for terrestrial (eivihan and defense) applieations has led to its commercialization and research on utilization in a variety of applications. Programs in the United States, Japan, Europe, and some other eoimtries are focused on the development of fuel cell power plant/power sources for (1) base-load,... 

SAS Applications Programming A Gentle Introduction by Frank C. Dilorio... 

Application programs are custom written in FORTRAN for each set of like" instruments. For ease of use, the programs are accessed through a main program menu. There 1s one menu for each set of instruments. Program options are selected by pressing the desired terminal softkey. 

Four different types of tasks are performed by automation. Two involve the sequencing of valves and pumps Involved 1n the setup and completion of the designed experiment through the operation of the test and hydraulic fluid systems. The other tasks involve the control of the temperature bath and data collection. To perform these tasks, a1r-actuated solenoids and optically coupled sol Id-state relays are used. These devices are controlled by an electrical circuit consisting of the device connected 1n series with a power supply and a channel on the actuator card In the HP 3497. The power supply 1s either 24 VDC for use with the solenoids or 5 VDC for the solid-state relays. The actuator output channel acts as a simple on/off switch which allows power to be supplied to the solenoid or relay when closed. The logic of the circuit 1s controlled by application programs running on the local HP 1000. 

Prototype CBR application has been implemented on MS -Excel spreadsheet. The program has been organized on several sheets. A database of cases was created which consists of accident cases collected from literature (e.g. Lees (1996) and Loss Prevention Bulletin) and of design recommendations. The application program includes retrieval functions which are used to retrieve the most suitable cases from the database. 

On a larger scale, self-contained application programs can be driven by each other object linking and embedding/Component Object Model (OLE/COM), UNIX pipes and signals, and Apple events allow this to happen. Communicating components can be written in different languages, and each can execute in its own space. 

In Japan, being completely dependant on fossil fuels imports, a long tradition exists in developing stationary and mobile fuel cell applications. Programs funded by the NEDO and METI departments have already resulted in hundreds of small scale micro Combined Heat and Power Units as well as fuel cell vehicles running in road demonstrations [4]. 

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