Interface mechanism

Scott et al. [53] and McFadden et al. [54] first described this mechanical interface in 1974 and 1976. A diagram of a commercialized moving belt interface is shown in Fig. 19.11. The interface first consisted of a spool of wire, which was unrolled off one spool and onto another. As the wire was wound from spool to spool, the effluent from a liquid chromatographic separation was applied to the wire. As the wire was transported through... 

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are materials whose rheological properties (viscosity, yield stress, shear modulus, etc.) can be readily controlled using an external electric field. For example, in some cases, they can switch from a liquid-like material to a solid-like material within a millisecond with the aid of an electric field, by means of the so-called ER effect.1617 The unique feature of the ER effect is that ER fluids can reversibly and continuously change from a liquid state to a solid state. ER fluid research is focused mainly on the automotive and robotics industry as electrical and mechanical interfaces for applications such as clutches, brakes, damping devices, fuel injection, and hydraulic valves. However, more recently, there is growing... 

Automatic specimen introduction requires the development of mechanical interfaces between each laboratory analyzer and devices such as conveyor belts, mobile robots, or robot arms. Enhancements to electronic interfaces for laboratory instruments are necessary to allow remote computer control of front-panel functions, notification of instrument status information, and coordination of the distribution of specimens between instruments. Most existing LIS interfaces with laboratory analyzers provide only the ability to download accession numbers and the tests requested on each specimen, and to upload the results generated by the analyzer. 

Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been practiced for many years (12-18,50). The mechanical interface between SFC and MS is now very simple, as shown in Fig. 13. A small fraction of the total flow is split off using a tee mounted either just upstream or just downstream of the... 

Finally, Wilson (90) has pointed out a subtle but significant mechanical interface between the paper and the two rolls through which it must pass. As Figure 19 shows, paper tends to wrap itself around a hard fuser roll backed by a soft back-up roll, whereas it strips more reliably from a compliant fuser sleeve opposed by a hard backing roll. 

From the packaging point of view new products have to be flexible to be applicable to varying customer requirements. Every automotive manufacturer will insist on his individual connector, or more general, his mechanical interface. The sensor packaging has to be able to meet these specific requirements in a flexible way, within the basic concept and without additional cost. 

The mechanical interface of an SAS is an important aspect to be taken into account during development of the SAS. If tolerances are not properly managed by the interface specification an additional superimposed nonlinearity will be the consequence. This additional fault angle is not created by the SAS itself, it is overlaid through its interface with other parts and their inherent tolerances (e.g., bearings, rotating shaft amongst others). 

Elastic modulus mismatch Interface failure mechanism Interface porosity, flaws and damage Areal variation and batch-to-batch variation Exposure condition effects on microstructure and properties... 

GERF (discovered by Wen et.al.) has a yield stress up to 300 kPa in response to an electric field, which provides an alternative choice of digitally controllable microvalve that can respond within 10 pm [13, 43]. Its solid-like behavior sustains shear in the direction perpendicular to the applied electric field, the shear stress can be enhanced when the applied electric field increases, and its rheological variation is reversible upon removal of the electric field (Fig. 4). These marvelous features qualify GERF as an electric-fluid-mechanical interface for digital fluid control in microfluidics [55, 56]. 

During die attach, an adhesive creates a mechanical interface between the die and substrate in a semiconductor assembly. A typical dispense pattern has intersecting lines with strategically placed dots so that after die placement, the fluid is evenly distributed (Figure 10-12). Most die attach adhesives also provide thermal and/or electrical conductivity between the die and substrate. 

Biocompatability Compatibility with Hving tissue, for example, in consideration of toxicity, degradability, and mechanical interfacing. 

We must first ask if it is desirable to attempt to replace all these losses with like-for-like components. If so, we need to strive to make a bionic limb of similar weight embodying anthropomorphic articulations with equally powerful motors and distributed sensors connected back into the wearer s residual neuromuscular system. Or, is it better to accept the losses and redefine the optimal functioning of the new unit of person-plus-technology In many cases, it may be concluded that a wheelchair is the optimal solution for lower limb loss. Even if engineering could provide the bionic solution, which it certainly cannot at present despite huge inroads made into aspects of these demands, there remain additional problems inherent to prosthetic replacements to consider. Of these, the unnatural mechanical interface... 

The mechanical interface coordinate system Cm is represented by Xm-Ym-Zm. Here m = (the number of robot axes) -i-l. The direction of the +Zm axis is away from the mechanical interface as shown in Fig. 5. 

Material damping tends to be very low, damping of a complete system being produced mainly at the mechanical interfaces. It is known that the interface surface s roughness and preload have an influence on the damping, but there is no method to predict the amount of damping that will be obtained as a function of these parameters. It seems also that damping has a nonlinear behavior. 

System certification. Technicians will be required to commission and document (in reports) the condition of systems upon start up. Additionally, technicians will be required to check electrical/mechanical interfaces according to manufacturer site specifications and applicable state laws at start-up. 

Compared to conventional LoaC devices, the LoaD platform displays several intrinsic advantages regarding the integration of optical detection methods. The actuation and the detector as well as all moving parts can be entirely delegated to a robust macroscopic unit which resembles a conventional ODD, e.g., a CD or a DVD player. The LoaD device thus constitutes a fluidically and optically merely passive module. Also, the mechanical interface between the polymer disc and the optical detection module is usually made up by a simple, central clamp holder. Finally, the optical detection can be performed by conventional optical equipment with the disc either at rest or rotating a suitable frequency to match the acquisition rate capability of the detector. 

A very important point to consider is also to reproduce the same mechanical interfaces between the system and the vehicle. 

Hoffer, J. A., and Loeb, G. E. (1980). Implantable electrical and mechanical interfaces with nerve and muscle. Armais of Biomedical Engineering 8, pp. 351-360. 

Li-ion battery suppliers are proposing different designs at the cell and battery levels. Even if all batteries must comply with the same mission specifications, S-P or P-S topologies (Figure 14.4), mechanical interfaces, qualification plans and battery managements can be slightly different. 

The common interface dimensions allow developing and qualifying a generic range of Li-ion batteries with a wide range of similar and reusable mechanical interface properties and behaviors. Both Saft and its partners can benefit of qualification results and in-orbit heritage. 

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