Continuity: of services

Robotics The introduction of robotics has given a new dimension to packaging in that it is now possible to do repetitive tasks with speed and accuracy at notably lower cost than if done by people. The manufacture of robots is well established with corporations of substantial resources providing a quality product with continuity of service, supply, and software support. There is also a specialty industry which is available to supply both accessory hardware and software which are custom designed to handle specific user situations. Economic analysis needs to be done before making the decision as to whether to automate using robots, fixed automation, or the labor of people aided by work aids. 

A decommissioning plan should be written prior to the retirement of a system to ensure continuity of service. 

Reliability Dependability with respect to continuity of service ( time to... 

Continuance of service provision in event of catastrophes Continuance of service provision in event of less serious contingencies... 

Greater continuity of service and dependability. 3. Capability of delivering higher pressure. 

Where existing patients are reluctant or unwilling to change, there can be no question of coercion or compulsion. This means that special arrangements must be made for the continuation of services for those unwilling to transfer. The situation of new patients who may present for treatment after DM arrangements are in place, may be different. They are likely to be subsumed into a scheme and accept it as the way treatment is provided . 

The electric distribution system which is best for a given plant depends on the value assigned to dependability and flexibility. For example, if electricity is needed to manufacture a product whose design is frequently changed, a flexible, easily changed system is best. When continuity of service is essential, as in some chemical processes when a batch could be ruined by a power failure, an extremely rehable system is best. 

Condensing provides the continuity of service in critical plant operations where loss of the electric power can cause a major disruption in process operations and/or plant safety. 

The results obtained show also that the provision of video stream classification preserves the continuity of service without significant deterioration of image quality. This enables the... 

Caban, D. Walkowiak, T. 2012. Preserving continuity of services exposed to security incidents. In Proc. The Sixth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies, SECURWARE, 72-78. 

In Chapter 3, we consider the reliability aspects of DTS and their impact on the required level of redundancy. The reliability analysis lets us determine the level of redundancy that ensures continuity of service at an economically justified level of assurance. There are a lot of techniques that support this type of analysis (Avizienis et al. 2000, Jarnicki et al. 2008, Walkowiak Mazurkiewicz 2010, Zio 2007). 

For the ATV, there are nevertheless constraints of continuity of service, which apply mainly to two short periods during the final approach and docking (beyond the point where an avoidance maneuver can no longer be undertaken), and for re-entiy during these periods, the service must be provided without any intenuption of more than 300 milliseconds. Outside these periods, longer outage has little or no impact on the overall success of the mission. 

The presence of an independent safety system can limit the dependability needs of the nominal set to the requirements relative to the mission (tolerance to one fault, a goal of 99% for docking and 95% for the entire mission). Thus each piece of avionics equipment is organized in a conventional redundancy scheme (a unit in cold redundancy except for critical elements, fallible, or with long recovery time). However, unlike traditional solutions in satellites, given the objectives of continuity of service, a set of three computers in hot redundancy is used with comparison and voters distributed in each computer (to avoid failure on loss of a single centralized voter), in addition to mechanisms of error detection within each computer. 

Depending on the time constraints of recovery and continuity of service or availability needs, a solution of either warm or hot redundancy can be adopted. Hot redundancy allows a very short recovery time, consistent with the needs of a launcher, such as Ariane 5. On a satellite, a longer recovery time can be considered without any perceptible impact on the service. A warm redundancy solution will reduce latency by test programs on the redundant unit. In both cases, warm or hot redundancy will enable the mission context to be managed independently on each unit, limiting the potential propagation of faults. 

Majority vote architectures are infrequently used, apart from some launchers (but the example of Ariane 5 confirms that selective redundancy architecture also meets the need, including in terms of continuity of service) and orbital transport vehicles. Their main disadvantage, at least for satelhtes or exploration probes, is the increase of mass and energy consumption compared to a selective architecture. Moreover, these architectures do not detect and tolerate common mode faults (that is why in the ATV the conventional detection mechanisms on each unit are kept in addition to the comparison mechanism). 

The attitudes pointed to here are supportive and pro-inclusion. Parents comments were overwhelmingly positive, though there were some serious concerns expressed about continuity of health-related services and the need for community schooling as part of an inclusion project these are covered in the section below on continuity of services (p. 138). 

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