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Daily Estimate

Keeping a daily sleep diary is essential to implement SRT effectively. Although the sleep diary is subject to distortions (12), it is a standard assessment procedure for collecting the daily estimates of sleep-wake parameters necessary for SRT. The diary serves several functions, including that of determining baseline values of total sleep time and time spent in bed to set an appropriate sleep window during the intervention. Ideally, those baseline values are based on at least 1 week and, preferably, 2 weeks of self-monitoring. [Pg.477]

Manganese is an essential nutrient for humans with a daily estimated adequate safe and daily dietary intake of 2.5 to 5.0 mg (1). Yet trace mineral nutriture depends not only upon dietary intake, but also upon availability for absorption. Currently, little is known regarding the influence of dietary factors on the absorption of manganese. Thus the intent of these studies was to (a) develop a test that would readily measure Mn bioavailability in humans and (b) utilize this test to determine the influences of various dietary factors on Mn bioavailability. [Pg.112]

A 5-kg osprey makes a regular diet of minnows from a pesticide-contaminated farm pond. The minnows contain 1 ppm of pesticide and the bird eats 200 g of them daily. Estimate the steady-state burden of pesticide accumulated by the osprey. (Assume the birds eliminate 20% of their body burden of the pesticide per week.)... [Pg.181]

Stanek EJ, Calabrese EJ. 1995. Daily estimates of soil ingestion in children. Environ Health Perspect 103 276-285. [Pg.485]

Make and record observations Adhere to the work sampling scheme. Gather and record data so that it can be used in multiple ways. Take note of other identifiers or qualifiers of work categories such as day of the week, location, shift, and the like. As the study progresses, control charts (see Section 5.3.4) can be set up to plot the daily estimates of event/activity occurrences to monitor one ore more of the p values for key categories. [Pg.1451]

Dietary exposure assessments per capita are described in Table 9. Average daily estimates of intakes of chlorite and chlorate ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 pg/kg bw and from 0.1 to 0.6 pg/kg bw, respectively. The use of food balance sheets may give an overestimate of average exposure, but underestimate intake for individuals with high intakes of food additives. For this reason, further assessments were conducted, based on individual food consumption data. [Pg.43]

If the plant produces 1.5 X 10 kg (1500 metric tons) of CI2 daily, estimate the quantities of H2 and NaOH produced. [Pg.112]

Routine production tests are performed, approximately once per month on each producing well, by diverting the production through the test separator on surface to measure the liquid flowrate, water cut, and gas production rate. The wellhead pressure (also called the flowing tubing head pressure, FTHP) is recorded at the time of the production test, and a plot of production rate against FTHP is made. The FTHP is also recorded continuously and used to estimate the well s production rate on a daily basis by reference to the FTHP vs production rate plot for the well. [Pg.221]

Thus the ADI in mg per kg per day is an estimate of the daily pesticide dietary intake that appears to be without risk over the entire human lifetime. ADI values are estabHshed and periodically reviewed by joint committees of the Eood and Agricultural Organization (EAO) and WHO of the United Nations. [Pg.309]

Estimated safe and adequate daily intake from Ref. 3. [Pg.373]

If possible comparisons are focused on energy systems, nuclear power safety is also estimated to be superior to all electricity generation methods except for natural gas (30). Figure 3 is a plot of that comparison in terms of estimated total deaths to workers and the pubHc and includes deaths associated with secondary processes in the entire fuel cycle. The poorer safety record of the alternatives to nuclear power can be attributed to fataUties in transportation, where comparatively enormous amounts of fossil fuel transport are involved. Continuous or daily refueling of fossil fuel plants is required as compared to refueling a nuclear plant from a few tmckloads only once over a period of one to two years. This disadvantage appHes to solar and wind as well because of the necessary assumption that their backup power in periods of no or Httie wind or sun is from fossil-fuel generation. Now death or serious injury has resulted from radiation exposure from commercial nuclear power plants in the United States (31). [Pg.238]

Toxicology. Inorganic tin and its compounds are generally of a low order of toxicity, largely because of the poor absorption and rapid excretion from the tissues of the metal (42—49). The acidity and alkalinity of their solutions make assessment of their parenteral toxicity difficult. The oral LD q values for selected inorganic tin compounds are Hsted in Table 2. It is estimated that the average U.S. daily intake of tin, which is mostly from processed foods, is 4 mg (see Food processing). [Pg.66]

Table 8. Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake ... Table 8. Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake ...
Mobilization and Metabolism. The total ascorbic acid body pool in healthy adults has been estimated to be approximately 1.5 g, which increases to 2.3—2.8 g with intakes of 200 mg/d (151—158). Depletion of the body pool to 600 mg initiates physiological changes, and signs of clinical scurvy are reported when the body pool falls below 300 mg (149). Approximately 3—4% of the body pool turns over daily, representing 40—60 mg/d of metabolized, or consumed, vitamin C. Smokers have a higher metaboHc turnover rate of vitamin C (approximately 100 mg/d) and a lower body pool than nonsmokers, unless compensated through increased daily intakes of vitamin C (159). The metaboHsm of ascorbic acid varies among different species. [Pg.22]

The amount of foHc acid required for daily iatake is estimated based oa the minimum amouat required to maintain a certaia level of semm folate. The recommeaded dietary allowance (RDA) for foHc acid accounts for daily losses and makes allowances for variation ia iadividual aeeds and bioavailabiUty from food sources (85). The U.S. recommended daily allowance for adults is 400 p.g and for pregnant women is 800 ]1 (Table 4). [Pg.42]

Approximately 0.05 to 0.2% of vitamin > 2 stores are turned over daily, amounting to 0.5—8.0 )J.g, depending on the body pool size. The half-life of the body pool is estimated to be between 480 and 1360 days with a daily loss of vitamin > 2 of about 1 )J.g. Consequentiy, the daily minimum requirement for vitamin B22 is 1 fig. Three micrograms (3.0 J.g) vitamin B22 are excreted in the bile each day, but an efficient enterohepatic circulation salvages the vitamin from the bile and other intestinal secretions. This effective recycling of the vitamin contributes to the long half-life. Absence of the intrinsic factor intermpts the enterohepatic circulation. Vitamin > 2 is not catabolized by the body and is, therefore, excreted unchanged. About one-half of the vitamin is excreted in the urine and the other half in the bile. [Pg.113]

For extended, noncyclic exposures, it can be assumed that the entire piece teaches the temperature of the heating medium and is, therefore, subject to permanent strength losses throughout the piece, regardless of size and mode of stress application. Because dry wood is a good insulator, it often does not teach the daily extremes in temperature of the air around it in ordinary constmction thus, estimates of long-term effects should be based on the actual wood temperatures experienced by critical stmctural parts. [Pg.327]

Boron in the form of borate is an essential micronutrient for the healthy growth of plants and is present in the normal daily human diet at an estimated level of 3—40 mg as boron. It is not a proven essential micronutrient for animals (119). [Pg.204]

Example 8 Calculation of Probability of Eauipment Breakdown The daily chance of a breakdown in a production line operated continuously for 300 days per year is estimated at 1 percent from past performance. Let iis estimate the probability of 4 or more breakdowns in the coming year. [Pg.823]

At the end of each month, the field cost engineer collects all current information on a detailed cost report form. As these are actual costs, they can be used to estimate future job costs to completion. Daily reports of unit-cost progress for concrete, excavation, masonry, steel, piping, and electrical work, etc., are then used to predict possible overruns or underruns for the various items. Analysis and comparison with the original estimate point out trouble spots for early attention. If an item is running into difficulty, it is red-flagged to the resident and projec t engineers for remedial action. [Pg.875]

Systematic Operating Errors Fifth, systematic operating errors may be unknown at the time of measurements. Wriile not intended as part of daily operations, leaky or open valves frequently result in bypasses, leaks, and alternative feeds that will add hidden bias. Consequently, constraints assumed to hold and used to reconcile the data, identify systematic errors, estimate parameters, and build models are in error. The constraint bias propagates to the resultant models. [Pg.2550]

The example spreadsheet covers a three-day test. Tests over a period of days provide an opportunity to ensure that the tower operated at steady state for a period of time. Three sets of compositions were measured, recorded, normalized, and averaged. The daily compositions can be compared graphically to the averages to show drift. Scatter-diagram graphs, such as those in the reconciliation section, are developed for this analysis. If no drift is identified, the scatter in the measurements with time can give an estimate of the random error (measurement and fluc tuations) in the measurements. [Pg.2567]

Table 3 An estimate of daily human exposure to oestrogenie and anti-oestrogenie ehemieals (adapted from Safe ")... Table 3 An estimate of daily human exposure to oestrogenie and anti-oestrogenie ehemieals (adapted from Safe ")...
Attached to the expanders, the compressors provide an additional 60 psig without energy cost outlay. Further compression ultimately raises gas pressure to 34 bar. MESA estimates that the arrangement at its Satanta plant saves 45 kW (60 hp) while reliably handling the daily production of natural gas. [Pg.450]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.362 ]




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Acceptable Daily Intake estimation

Cumulated estimated daily intake

Cumulative estimated daily intake (CEDI

Daily

Estimated Daily Intake

Estimated daily intake, EDI

Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake

Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake ESADDI)

Exposure estimates daily rate

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