Estimated daily intake, EDI

The risk posed to predators eating contaminated fish is determined by comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) of fish predators (birds or mammals) with the predicted no-effect concentration in these predatory species. If adequate data are missing, the latter value was estimated from laboratory rodent or meat-eating animals (Table 3.3). 

Exposure analysis. The amount of any chemical that an individual is exposed to will depend upon the levels that occur in food and the amounts of those foods that are consumed. Different population groups will often have different levels of exposure and it is therefore necessary to identify such sub-groups. The exposure level for additives is frequently referred to as the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI). 

The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) can then be calculated using a relatively simple equation ... 

Table 4 Estimated daily intakes (EDI) of phthalates based on the geometric mean values for urinary metabolites estimated by David [137] for CDC data measured in 289 US individuals [138] and the tolerable daily intake (TDI) values calculated by EFSA [62], CSTEE [134], and MHLW [68], as well as the reference dose of phthalates (RfD) calculated by EPA [136] (in pg/kg b.w./day)...

As discussed in the chemistry guidance document for FCSs (Table 2.3), the recommended chemistry information includes discussions and data on the identity, manufacture, stability, technical effect and proposed use of the FCS, all of which are used to identify and estimate consumer exposure to the various substances originating from the FCS. Exposure estimates, expressed as dietary concentration (DC) and estimated daily intake (EDI) values, usually involve combining migrant levels in food with parameters based on information... 

Table 2.7 Toxicology testing recommendations for food contact substances based on dietary concentration (EXT) and corresponding estimated daily intake (EDI) values. Note that the cumulative exposures are based on non-biocidal chemicals biocidal tiers are one-fifth the cumulative dietary concentration (CDC) and cumulative estimated daily intake (CEDI) values expressed. DC and CDC values are in units of mass of migrant per mass food consumed. EDI and CEDI values are in units of mass of migrant per person per day. Abbreviations are as follows p,g (microgram), kg (kilogram), mg (milligram), < (less than or equal to), < (less than), > (greater than), and > (greater than or equal to)...

Table 7.1 Toxicology testing recommendations for food contact substances based on dietary concentration (DC) and corresponding estimated daily intake (EDI) values. Note that the cumulative exposures are based on non-biocidal chemicals biocidal tiers are one-fifth the cumulative dietary concentration (CDC) and cumulative estimated daily intake (CEDI) values expressed...

For a food contact material with no relevant genotoxicity or carcinogenicity data with an estimated daily intake (EDI) of < 1.5 pg/p/d, FDA would not normally recommend testing. If the food contact material contained SAs, such as the bisfuran polycyclic substructure of aflatoxin Bj (CASRN 1162-65-8), FDA may recommend additional specific tests due to the potential concern for public safety. 

A study performed in a highly industrial zone in Japan compared the analysis performed for Yangtze river water and local food. Even if estimated daily intake (EDI) of PFOA and PFOS were always lower than TDl value established by the EFSA, the relatively high concentration of PFCs in river water resulted to be correlated with the high levels of PFCs in local tap water and fish [25,54,67]. 

Fig. 2.15. EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) predicted from human body residues in Fig. 2.14 and ADI (Average Daily Intake) reported worldwide. ADI for Korean was predicted from average residues of individual food-groups in Table 2.7 (l)-(ll) in Fig. 2.14, (12) Charnley and Doull (2005), (13) Bocio and Domingo (2005), (14) Baars et al. (2004), (15) Darnerud et al. (2006), (16) this study, (17) Kiviranta et al. (2004), (18) Sasamoto et al. (2006), (19) Focant et al. (2002), (20) Tsutsumi et al. (2001), (21) Loutfy et al. (2006). Two dotted lines indicate tolerable daily intake (TDI) guidelines of WHO.

CEDI/ADI Database US PDA/CPSAN Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake/Acceptable Daily Intake Database of food compounds http //www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackag-ingLabeling/Packagi ngF C S/C EDI/default.htm... 

The EDI of phthalates in China, Germany, Taiwan, and US populations are shown in Table 7. The calculation was based on phthalate metabolite (primary and secondary) concentrations, the model of David [137] and the excretion fractions according to various authors [23,28,143,144]. DEHP median values are very close or clearly exceed the TDIs and RfD values (Table 4). The median values for the rest of PAEs are below levels determined to be safe for daily exposures estimated by the US (RfD), the EU and Japan (TDI) (Table 4). However, the upper percentiles of DBP and DEHP urinary metabolite concentrations suggested that for some people, these daily phthalate intakes might be substantially higher than previously assumed and exceed the RfD and TDIs. 

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