Dahl rat

Shiotsuka, R.N., R.T.Drew, and R.W.Wehner. 1984. Carbon monoxide enhances development of hypertension in Dahl rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 76(2) 225— 233. 

Kong,J.Q., Curto, K.A., Fleming, W.W., Kotchen, T.A. Taylor, D. (1991) Catecholamine and neuropeptide Y levels in tissues from young Dahl rats following 5 days low- or high-salt diet. Bloodvessels 28, 442-451. 

Limas, C., Goldman, P Limas, C.J. and Iwai, J. (1981). Effect of salt on prostaglandin metabolism in hypertension-prone and resistant Dahl rats. Hypertension, 3, 219-224... 

Some other reports may be relevant on this subject. In hypertension-sensitive Dahl rats a single injection increased blood pressure (Ohanian and Iwai 1980). Using a two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension model it was shown that Cd treatment enhances the development of hypertension. 

HCN is detoxified to thiocyanate (SCN ) by the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese rhodanese catalyzes the transfer of sulfur from thiosulfate to cyanide to yield thiocyanate, which is relatively nontoxic (Smith 1996). The rate of detoxification of HCN in humans is about 1 pg/kg/min (Schulz 1984) or 4.2 mg/h, which, the author states, is considerably slower than in small rodents. This information resulted from reports of the therapeutic use of sodium nitroprusside to control hypertension. Rhodanese is present in the liver and skeletal muscle of mammalian species as well as in the nasal epithelium. The mitochondria of the nasal and olfactory mucosa of the rat contain nearly seven times as much rhodanese as the liver (Dahl 1989). The enzyme rhodanese is present to a large excess in the human body relative to its substrates (Schulz 1984). This enzyme demonstrates zero-order kinetics, and the limiting factor in the detoxification of HCN is thiosulphate. However, other sulfur-containing substrates, such as cystine and cysteine, can also serve as sulfur donors. Other enzymes, such as 3-mercapto-pyruvate sulfur transferase, can convert... 

Dahl, A.R. 1989. The cyanide-metabolizing enzyme rhodanese in rat nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa. Toxicol. Lett. 45 199-205. 

In vitro studies with rat tissues indicated that rhodanese activity was 7 times higher in the nasal mucosa than in the liver (Dahl 1989). Furthermore, kinetic constants for rhodanese in mitochondria were higher in nasal than in liver tissue. 

B. Yerushalmi, R. Dahl, M. W. Devereaux, E. Gumpricht and R. J. Sokol, Bile-acid-induced rat hepatocyte apoptosis is inhibited by antioxidants and blockers of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Hepatology, 2001, 33(3), 616. 

SunJD, Dahl AR, Gillett NA, et al Two-week, repeated inhalation exposure of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to ferrocene. Fundam Appl Toxicol 17 150-158, 1991... 

Anti-arrhythmic activity Ethanol (95%), glycerin, and glycerin/ethanol extracts of the leaf, administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg, were active vs aconitine-induced arrhythmia " . Ethanol (95%) and glycerin extracts of the seed oil, administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg, were active " . Anti-atherosclerotic activity. Extracts of leaves of three isolates (Greek olive leaves [GO], African wild olive leaves [AO], and Cape Town olive leaves [CT]), administered to Dahl salt-sensitive, insulin-resistant rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 weeks, were active ". ... 

Dahl, A.R. (1985) Mutagenicity of some dialkylnitrosamines, cyclic nitrosamines and N,N-di-ethanolnitrosamine in Salmonella typhimurium with rat and rabbit nasal, lung and liver S9 homogenates. Mw/at. Res., 158,141-147... 

Formaldehyde generated from nitromethane was found only in trace amounts after incubation with microsomes from from Fischer 344 rat liver, but none was found after incubation with rat nasal microsomes (Dahl Hadley, 1983). Nitromethane inhibited rabbit liver cytochrome P450 activity, apparently competing for the same ferrohaemo-chrome-binding sites as carbon monoxide (Wade et al, 1977). 

Dahl, A.R. Hadley, W.M. (1983) Formaldehyde prodnction promoted by rat nasal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases with nasal decongestants, essences, solvents, air pollutants, nicotine, and cocaine as substrates. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol, 67, 200-205 Dayal, R., Gescher, A., Harpur, E.S., Pratt, I. Chipman, J.K. (1989) Comparison of the hepa-toxicity in mice and the mutagenicity of three nitroalkanes. Fundam. appl Toxicol, 13, 341-348... 

Niknla, K.J., Novak, R.F., Chang, I.Y., Dahl, A.R., Kracko, D.A., Zangar, R.C., Kim, S.G. Lewis, J.L. (1995) Indnction of nasal carboxylesterase in F344 rats following inhalation exposure to pyridine. Drug Metab. Dispos., 23, 529-535 NOES (1999) National Occupational Exposure Survey 1981-83. Unpnblished data as of July 1999. Cinciimati, OH, Department of Health and Hnman Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institnte for Occnptional Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1999) Air contaminants. US Code. Fed. 

Alvarez-Guerra M, Garay RC Renal Na-K-CI transporter NKCC2 in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2002 20 721. [PMID 11910309]... 

Miller T, Dahl G, Werner R Structure of a gap junction gene Rat connexin 32. Biosci Rep 1988 8 ... 

In the experiments of Bond et al. (1986) described on p. 140, at the end of 6-h exposure to butadiene, blood concentrations of epoxybutene reached values of 0.4 and 4 pmol/L in rats at 130 and 1800 mg/m and 0.7, 0.9 and 15 pmol/L in mice at 13, 130 and 1800 mg/m3, respectively. In the cynomolgus monkey, Dahl et al. (1991) found blood concentrations of only 1.6, 500 and 1100 nmol epoxybutene/L following 2-h exposures to 10, 310 and 7760 ppm [18, 560 and 14 000 mg/m ] butadiene, respectively, using the same method as Bond et al. (1986). [The Working Group noted that due to the unspecific determination of radioactivity in cryogenic traps, contamination of epoxybutene with other metabolic products of butadiene cannot be excluded.]... 

Thornton-Manning, J.R., Dahl, A.R., Beehtold, W.E., Griffith, W.C., Jr Henderson, R.F. (1995a) Disposition of butadiene monoepoxide and butadiene diepoxide in various tissues of rats andmiee following a low-level inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene. Carcinogenesis, 16, 1723-1731... 

Zamora, P.O., Benson, J.M., Marshall, T.C., Mokler, B.V, Li, A.P, Dahl, A.R., Brooks, A.L. McClellan, R.O. (1983) Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels. J. Toxicol, environ. Health, 12,27-38... 

Sun, J.D., Dahl, A.R., Bond, J.A., Bimbaum. L.S. Henderson. R.F. (1989) Characterization of hemoglobin adduct formation in mice and rats after administration of [ C]butadiene or [ C]isoprene, Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol.. 100, 86-95... 

Aoi W, Niisato N, Miyazaki H, Marunaka Y. 2004. Flavonoid-induced reduction of ENaC expression in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 315 892-896. 

In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) SK F 82526 was inactive as a natriuretic, but was active as an antihypertensive agent. The weaker natriuretic activity of SK F 82526 compared to SK F 38393 was also seen in conscious dog renal clearance studies (27). SK F 82526 given 5 mg/kg p.o. increased renal plasma flow 81%, glomerular filtration rate 15%, but elevated sodium excretion only about half the amount observed with SK F 38393, and this in a somewhat delayed response. SK F 82526 when given in the drinking water at 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days in developing SHR blunted the onset of hypertension and also lowered blood pressure acutely in anesthetized SHR. It did not lower blood pressure in anesthetized Dahl salt sensitive hypertensive rats. 

Haussinger, D., Stoll, B., vom Dahl, S., Theodoropoulos, P.A., Markogiannakis, E Gravanis, A., Lang, F., Stoumaras, C. (1994). Microtubule stabilization and induction of tubulin mRNA by cell swelling in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 72,12-19. 

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