Hemoglobin Adduct

Pastorelli, R., Allevi, R., Romagnano, S., Meli, G., Fanelli, R., and Airoldi, R. (1995) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of ethylenthiourea hemoglobin adducts a possible indicator of exposure to ethylene-fczs-dithiocarbam-ate pesticides, Archives of Toxicology, 69(5) 306-311. 

Hemoglobin adducts formed on administration of acrylonitrile (AN) to rats BP... 

Fennell TR, MacNeela JP, Turman MN, et al. 1989. Hemoglobin adducts formed on administration of acrylonitrile (AN) to rats. CUT, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

When 4-nitrosophenetol reacted with human red cells formation of acid-stable hemoglobin adducts was observed. The amount of these adducts was markedly increased when the reduction of GSSG was inhibited. These findings suggest GSH-mediated formation of the sulfenamide cation that is not consumed by further GSH-mediated reactions but is available for ring addition reactions56. 

Upon reaction of 4-nitrosobiphenyl with thiols, its negative Hammett constant (op+ = —0.1855) is expected to facilitate formation of a sulfenamide cation that may delocalize its positive charge partly to C(3), C(2q and C(4/). Hence formation of aminophenols and acid-stable hemoglobin adducts would be conceivable. 

A hydroxylamino product was also found to be the hematotoxic metabolite of the herbicide propanil (4.145) [89]. After administration of lidocaine (4.128, Fig. 4.5) to humans, 2,6-dimethylaniline-hemoglobin adducts were detected in blood. Again, an /V-hydroxylated metabolite appears to be involved [90],... 

Perez, H.L. and Osterman-Golkar, S. Biotransformation of the double bond in allyl glycidyl ether to epoxide ring. Evidence from hemoglobin adducts in mice, Chem. Biol. Interact., 125(l) 17-28, 2000. 

While hemoglobin adduct formation does not imply altered or abnormal hemoglobin function, adduct formation may be a suitable biomarker of human exposure to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine (see Section 2.7). Hematological variables (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and leucocyte count) were found to be normal in dogs exposed to 10.4 mg/kg/day 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine for 7 years (Stula et al. 1978). 

Effect. There are no specific disease states in humans or animals that have been associated with exposure to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine. Hemoglobin adducts have been isolated from the blood of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine-treated animals (Bimer et al. 1990 Joppich-Kuhn et al. 1997). It is not known what relationship exists between adduct levels in the blood and 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine toxicity. Further research in animal models is needed to determine if these adducts could be correlated with effects of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine exposure. Further studies to identify more sensitive toxic effects (noncancer) that are specific for 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine would be useful in monitoring effects in people living near hazardous waste sites containing 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine. 

Rat hemoglobin adducts (dichloro-benzidine, monoacetyl-dichlorobenzidine)... 

Joppich-Kuhn R, Hanggi R, Sagelsdorff P et al. 1997. Determination of dichlorobenzidine- hemoglobin adducts by CG/MS-NCl. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69(4) 240-246. 

Zwimer-Baier I, Neumann HG. 1994. Biomonitoring of aromatic amines FV Use of hemoglobin adducts to demonstrate the bioavailability of cleavage products from diaiylide azo pigments in vivo. Arch Toxicol 68(1) 8-14. 

Dooley, G. R Prenni, J. E. Prentiss, P. L. Cranmer, B. K. Andersen, M. E. Tessari, J. D. Identification of a Novel Hemoglobin Adduct in Sprague Dawley Rats Exposed to Atrazine. Chem. Res. Toxicol 2006, 19, 692-700. 

After in vivo administration in rats TDA induced formation of both DNA and hemoglobin adducts in a dose-dependent manner. TDA was mutagenic in bacterial assays. ... 

Gorelick NJ, Hutchins DA, Tannenbaum SR, Wogan GN Formation of DNA and hemoglobin adducts of fluoranthene after single and multiple exposures. Carcinogenesis 10 1579-1587, 1989... 

Propene has been reported to be nonmu-tagenic to both Escherichia coli and Salmonella lyphimurium, either with or without metabolic activation interestingly, the purported reactive metabolite of propene, propene oxide, is widely accepted as a mutagen. Furthermore, propene oxide forms hemoglobin adducts in exposed animals. ... 

Bergmark, E. (1997) Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and aciylonitrile in laboratory workers, smokers and nonsmokers. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 78-84... 

Ostennan-Golkar, S., Kautiainen, A., Bergmark, E., Hakansson, K. Maki-Paakkanen, J. (1991) Hemoglobin adducts and urinary mercapturic acids in rats as biological indicators of butadiene exposure. Chem. biol. Interact., 80, 291-302... 

Osterman-Golkar, S.M., Moss, O., James. A.. Bryant, M.S.. Turner, M. Bond, J.A. (1998) Epoxybutene-hemoglobin adducts in rats and mice dose response for formation and persistence during and following long-term low-level exposure to butadiene. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol., 150, 166-173... 

Landin, H.H., Osterman-Golkar, S., Zorcec. V. Tomqvist, M. (1996) Biomonitoring of epichlorohydrin by hemoglobin adducts. Anal. Biochem., 240, 1-6... 

Iwasaki, K. (1988b) Individual differenees in the formation of hemoglobin adducts following exposure to methyl bromide. Ind. Health, 26, 257-262... 

Iwasaki, K., Ito, I. Kagawa, J. (1989) Biological exposure monitoring of methyl bromide workers by determination of hemoglobin adducts. Ind. Health, 27, 181-183... 

Sun, J.D., Dahl, A.R., Bond, J.A., Bimbaum. L.S. Henderson. R.F. (1989) Characterization of hemoglobin adduct formation in mice and rats after administration of [ C]butadiene or [ C]isoprene, Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol.. 100, 86-95... 

Sepai, 0., Henschler, D. Sabbioni, G. (1995a) Albumin adducts, hemoglobin adducts and urinary metabolites in workers exposed to 4,4 -methylenedianiline diisocyanate. Carcinogenesis, 16, 2583-2587... 

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