National Occupational Exposure Survey

The National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES), conducted by NIOSH from 1980 to 1983, estimated that 3,205 workers in the agricultural services industry were exposed to endosulfan in the workplace in 1980 (NIOSH 1984). The NOES database does not contain information on the frequency, concentration, or duration of exposure of workers to any chemicals the survey provides only estimates of the number of workers potentially exposed to chemicals in the workplace. 

NIOSH. 1984. National occupational exposure survey (1980-1983). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. October 18, 1989. 

Information on occupational exposure to lead is obtained primarily from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) and industry surveys of workers. While occupational exposure is widespread, environmental monitoring data on levels of exposure in many occupations are not available. OSHA has established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for lead of 50 pg/m3 for workplace air (OSHA 1991). NIOSH has estimated that more than 1 million American workers were occupationally exposed to inorganic lead in more than 100 occupations (NIOSH 1977a, 1978a). According to NOES, conducted by NIOSH between 1980 and 1983, an estimated 25,169 employees were exposed to tetraethyl lead (not used in gasoline since December 31, 1995) approximately 57,000 employees were exposed to various lead oxides mostly in non-ferrous foundries, lead smelters, and battery plants 3,902 employees were exposed to lead chloride and 576,579 employees were exposed to some other form of lead in the workplace in 1980 (NIOSH 1990). Workers who operate and maintain solid waste incinerators are also exposed to air lead levels as high as 2,500 pg/m3 (Malkin 1992). 

NIOSH. 1988a. National occupational exposure survey. Cincinnati, OH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 

Workers in industrial facilities manufacturing or using hexachloroethane as an intermediate in the manufacture of other products may be exposed to the chemical by inhalation or dermal absorption. In addition, military or civilian personnel working with smoke or pyrotechnic devices may be exposed. Based on information collected for the National Occupational Exposure Survey, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that 8,515 workers were potentially exposed to hexachloroethane (NOES 1991). 

Occupational exposure to endrin was not evaluated during the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted from 1981 to 1983 or its predecessor, the National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOHS) conducted from 1972 to 1974. The surveys conducted by NIOSH were designed to provide data necessary to describe potential exposure agents and profile health and safety programs in United States... 

Workers in the chemicals and plastics industries may also be exposed to di-//-octylphthalate. The National Occupational Exposure Survey estimated that 10,393 individuals were exposed to the compound in the workplace in 1980. For further information on how you can be exposed to di-n-octylphthalate, see Chapter 5. 

No information was found in the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted by NIOSH from 1981 to 1983 on the number of workers and the number of facilities where workers... 

Data concerning occupational exposure levels of heptachlor are very limited. An industrial hygiene survey conducted in 1977 at the Velsicol Chemical Corporation, Memphis, Tennessee, a plant that manufactured heptachlor, detected heptachlor in workplace air at levels ranging from 0.025 to 0.202 mg/m (1.64-13.2 ppb) (Netzel 1981). Data from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted by NIOSH from 1981 to 1983 were not available for heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide. 

Virtually no information concerning general population or occupoational exposure was located in the literature General population exposure may come from those on phenylbutazone or sulfinpyrazone therapy, since these drugs may contain some 1,2-dipheylhydrazine (Fabre et al. 1984 Mlatsui et al. 1983). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) reported as of May 1988 that 977 total employees and 154 female employees are potentially exposed to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine (100% from actual observations) (NIOSH 1988). 

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