Anti-atherosclerotic activity

Anti-arrhythmic activity Ethanol (95%), glycerin, and glycerin/ethanol extracts of the leaf, administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg, were active vs aconitine-induced arrhythmia " . Ethanol (95%) and glycerin extracts of the seed oil, administered intragastrically to rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg, were active " . Anti-atherosclerotic activity. Extracts of leaves of three isolates (Greek olive leaves [GO], African wild olive leaves [AO], and Cape Town olive leaves [CT]), administered to Dahl salt-sensitive, insulin-resistant rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 weeks, were active ". ... 

Anti-amoebic activity. Ethanol (80%) extract of the dried rhizome was inactive on Entamoeba histolytica, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 1 mg/ mL The extract, administered intragas-trically to male hamsters at a dose of 800 mg/kg, was active vs experimentally induced hepatic amebiasis . A dose of 250 mg/kg, administered intragastrically to rats on days 1-5, produced weak activity and a dose of 500 mg/kg was active " ". Anti-atherosclerotic activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the dried rhizome, administered intragastrically to male rabbits at a dose of 500 mg/kg, reduced atherogenic index from 4.7 to 1.2 on the aorta . Antibacterial activity. Decoction of the dried entire plant, on agar plate, was inactive on Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis MIC 125 mg/mL. Bacillus subtilis, Bordetella... 

Isradipine (Fig. 7.5) is a further nifedipine analogue, which has been used in the treatment of hypertension either alone or in combination with diuretics. Isradipine possesses high calcium antagonist activity, which results in a peripheral vasodilatation without any detrimental effect on cardiac conduction. Its oral bioavailability is 90-95% of the administered dose, but the hepatic first-pass effect reduces this to 15-24%. Isradipine was shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic activity in a number of experimental models, but clinical studies (MIDAS) failed to confirm these findings in patients. 

Saccharans A,B,C.D,E, and F Sacchantm officinarum L/Gramineae Aerial parts These products showed hypoglycemic and anti-atherosclerotic activity in mice and rats, respectively [105]. The accumulation of lipid peroxides induced by a high sugar diet was inhibited by combined feeding with a polysaccharide fraction of S. officinarum [106],... 

In the study presented in Reference 15, we focused our attention on spontaneous processes of chiral conversion and peptidization running in aqueous acetonitrile solution of L-Met (Scheme 19.3). We chose this amino acid due to its important functions in the human body. L-Met is a donor of methyl groups in the metabolic processes of methyl group transfer it plays an important role in synthesis of choline and lecithin, promotes normalization of lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis, and has an anti-atherosclerotic activity. Furthermore, L-Met plays an important role in the activities of the adrenal gland, in particular in the synthesis of adrenaline, and in the processes of inactivation of catecholamines, thereby regulating the catecholamine balance. The existence of a close relationship has also been proven between L-Met, folate transformations, and vitamins B6 and B12 [25]. 

After feeding experiment, plasma cholesterol concentration in CT group was 785 151 mg/dL. There was no significant difference between CT and DPPD group (774 185 mg/dL) or SaB group (743 181 mg/dL). These results indicated that SM-EW-1 fraction did not lower plasma cholesterol in this animal model. The anti-atherosclerotic activity of SM-EW-1 was not related to cholesterol lowering. 

Probucol, another di-r-butyl phenol, is an anti-atherosclerotic agent that can suppress the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in addition to lowering cholesterol levels. The antioxidant activity of probucol was measured, using EPR, with oxidation of methyl linoleate that was encapsulated in liposomal membranes or dissolved in hexane. Probucol suppressed ffee-radical-mediated oxidation. Its antioxidant activity was 17-fold less than that of tocopherol. This difference was less in liposomes than in hexane solution. Probucol suppressed the oxidation of LDL as efficiently as tocopherol. This work implies that physical factors as well as chemical reactivity are important in determining overall lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (Gotoh et al., 1992). 

Wang, H.X. and Ng, T.B., Natural products with hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hypocholesterolemic, anti-atherosclerotic and antithrombotic activities, Life Sci., 65, 2663-2677, 1999. 

Boneu B, Destelle G. Platelet anti-aggregating activity and tolerance of clopidogrel in atherosclerotic patients. Thromb Haemost 1996 76 939-943. 

Dihydropyridines, are very attractive targets because of their wide range of pharmacological activities they have been reported for their vasodilating, antihypertensive, bronchodilating, anti-atherosclerotic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective,... 

Ebselen (128) is a heterocyclic compound that possesses antiinflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, cytoprotective, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Compound 128 and the / -chloro analogue 129 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the growth of... 

Widespread reports indicate that, in addition to their anti-inflammatory role, triterpenes have other activities. Triterpenoids have been found to possess cytotoxic, antimicrobial and interesting effects on metabolism. Triterpenoids with antitumour activity include oleanane, lanostane, lupane, friedelane, hopane and quassionoid types. Glycyrrhetinic acid has been described as an antiviral, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic agent. Cucurbitacins B and E, and oleanolic acid possess a potent protective action on the liver, and ganoderic acid and its derivatives have been shown to be inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Lanostane derivatives, like suberosol, have also been found to inhibit HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes [1,3]. 

Wine, phenoHc constHuents of. Besides the volatile constituents of wine flavor, alcohols, tartaric acid and tartrates, especially red wines contain phenolic constituents stilbenes, e.g. resveratrol, the vitisins, tannins and other polyphenols like ellagic acid and the viniferins, and other oligomeric stilbenes, e.g. e-viniferin. Mainly to these phenolic compounds, the anti-atherosclerotic and infarction-prophylactic activity is attributed, explaining the so-called French Para-... 

Antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory activity, bronchodilahx, reduces the release of histamine Antiatherosclerotic effect, inhibit the oxidation of LDL, cancer chemopreventive activity Antiinflammatory activity, beneficial cardiovascular effects, anti atherosclerotic effects, antioxidant activity, chemoprotective advantages Antioxidant activity, chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic effects, antiinflammatory activity... 

Dihydroquercetin (taxifolin, DHQ) is a natural flavonoid, which possesses antioxidant activity and other pharmacological properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, etc.). Dihydroquercetin is hydrophobic compound, that s why it can t be administered intravenously, also its oral bioavailability is reduced. Recently, many new dihydroquercetin derivatives were synthesized, including water-soluble forms (cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with dihydroquercetin derivatives). In addition to the protective effect of antioxidants against lipid peroxidation, increasing attention is paid to the possibilities of antioxidants including dihydroquercetin to prevent an oxidation of proteins. Fibrinogen is more susceptible to oxidation than most other plasma proteins. 

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