Salt-sensitive hypertension

Hirschsprung s disease have ETB receptor mutations). The lack of ET-3/ETB receptor results in the absence of parasympathic ganglionic neurons in the myenteric plexus (Auerbach). Mice with an ET-3/ETB receptor disruption die within 2 weeks after birth. In transgenic mice, in which the expression of the ETB receptor is driven by the dopamine (3-hydroxylase promoter, normal myenteric plexus are present and no enteric disorder develops. These mice, however, show a salt-sensitive hypertension, which can be efficiently treated with amiloride, indicating that ETB receptors are involved in the regulation of natriuresis via the amilorid-sensitive sodium channel ENaC. 

Mice that are homozygous for a disrupted Bx or B2 receptor gene are healthy, fertile and normotensive. In Bx-deficient mice, bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension is diminished and the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the sites of tissue injury is impaired, and the animals show signs of hypoalgesia. Deletion of the B2 gene in mice leads to salt-sensitive hypertension and altered nociception. 

Encarnacion, M., Warner, G., Gray, C, Cheng, J., Keryakos, H., Nath, K., and Grande, J. (2008). Signaling pathways modulated by fish oil in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am. ]. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 294, F1323-F1335. 

Dopamine has also natriuretic and diuretic effects in kidney. There has been evidence that abnormalities of the renal dopamine system can lead to salt- sensitive hypertension [48]. In rat kidney, deamination represents the major pathway in the metabolism of dopamine, but when MAO is inhibited, methylation appears to offer an alternative metabolic pathway [49]. Thus COMT inhibition may be important in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. 

Aoi W, Niisato N, Miyazaki H, Marunaka Y. 2004. Flavonoid-induced reduction of ENaC expression in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 315 892-896. 

In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) SK F 82526 was inactive as a natriuretic, but was active as an antihypertensive agent. The weaker natriuretic activity of SK F 82526 compared to SK F 38393 was also seen in conscious dog renal clearance studies (27). SK F 82526 given 5 mg/kg p.o. increased renal plasma flow 81%, glomerular filtration rate 15%, but elevated sodium excretion only about half the amount observed with SK F 38393, and this in a somewhat delayed response. SK F 82526 when given in the drinking water at 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days in developing SHR blunted the onset of hypertension and also lowered blood pressure acutely in anesthetized SHR. It did not lower blood pressure in anesthetized Dahl salt sensitive hypertensive rats. 

Bohm M, Gierschik P, Knorr A, Schmidt U, Weismann K, Erdmann E. 1993. Cardiac adenylyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptors, and G proteins in salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension 22 715-727. 

Mice have been created in the laboratory (knock-out mice) that lack ANP, and these mice acquire salt-sensitive hypertension. The mouse s blood pressure increases upon fading a high-salt diet John et at., 1995), The question of whether... 

Boegchold, M. A and Kotchen, T. A. (1989). Relative contributions of dietary Na and Ch to salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension 14,579-583. 

John, S., Krege, J., Oliver, R, Hagaman, J., Hodgin, J., Pang, S., Flyim, T., and Smithies, O. (1995). Genetic diseases in atrial natriuretic peptide and salt-sensitive hypertension. Science 267, 679-681. 

The inhibition of distal nephron Na" reabsorption by 5,6-EET " the induction of kidney CYP2C23 and EET biosynthesis by excess dietary salt 123 and EET-induced dilation of micro-circulatory beds " suggested antihypertensive functions for the EETs In agreement with this (a) clotrimazole inhibition of the rat kidney epoxygenases caused reductions in renal EET biosynthesis , and the development of clotrimazole-dependent, salt-sensitive hypertension , (b) high salt diets failed to induce the activity of the kidney AA epoxygenase in hypertensive DS rats , and (c) the EETs contribute to the prostanoid- and NO-independent dilation pf renal afferent arterioles " In summary,... 

EP PGEj tcAMP Impaired ovulation and fertilization salt sensitive hypertension... 

Sodium intake should be decreased in most individuals. Sodium is usually consumed as salt, NaCl. Individuals prone to salt-sensitive hypertension should eat less than 3 g sodium per day (approximately 6 g NaCl). 

Cowley AW Jr, Ryan RP, Kurth T, Skelton MM, Schock-Kusch D, and N Gretz (2013). Progression of glomerular filtration rate reduction determined in conscious Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Hypertension 62 85-90. 

P450 4A11 does not appear to be involved in the metabolism of any drags, and the major issue is the role of P450 4A11 in cardiovascular diseases, particularly salt-sensitive hypertension [1542, 1553-1571],... 

Williams JS, Hopkins PN, Jeunemaitre X, Brown NJ (2011) CYP4A11 T8590C polymorphism, salt-sensitive hypertension, and renal blood flow. J Hypertens 29 1913-1918... 

Nishimoto M, Fujita T (2015) Renal mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension contribution of two steroid receptor-associated pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 308 F377-F387 O Brien E (2016) Why is it that we continue to deny patients ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Hypertension 67 484-487... 

Herrera VM, Didishvili T, Lopez LV, et al. Hypertension exacerbates coronary artery disease in transgenic hyperlipidemic Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Mo/Med 2001 7 831-844. 

Katori, M. and Majima, M. (2003) The renal-kallikrein-kinin system its role as a safety valve for excess sodium intake and its attenuation as a possible etiologic factor in salt-sensitive hypertension. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 40,43-115. 

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