Cytokine profiling

Stabler T, Piette JC, Chevalier X, Marini-Portugal A, Kraus VB. Serum cytokine profiles in relapsing polychondritis suggest monocyte/macrophage activation. Arthritis Rheum 2004 50(11) 3663—367. 

Chen DY, Lan JL, Lin FJ, Hsieh TY. Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in sera and pathological tissues of patients with active untreated adult onset Still s disease. J Rheumatol 2004 31(11) 2189-2198. 

Ramaswamy, K., Goodman, R.E. and Bell, R.G. (1994) Cytokine profile of protective anti-Trichinella spiralis CD4 0x22- and non-protective CD4+ 0x22+ thoracic duct cells in rats secretion of IL-4 alone does not determine protective capacity. Parasite Immunology 16, 435-445. 

Lorentz, A., Schwengberg, S., Sellge, G., Manns, M.P. and Bischoff, S.C. (2000) Human intestinal mast cells are capable of producing different cytokine profiles role of IgE receptor cross-linking and YEA. Journal of Immunology 164, 43-48. 

Dearman, R.J. et al., Chemical allergy considerations for the practical application of cytokine profiling, Toxicol. Sci., 71,137, 2003. 

Zhou, Q. et al., Cytokine profiling of macrophages exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis, its lipopolysaccharide, or its FimA protein, Infect. Immun., 73, 935, 2005. 

Chipeta, J., et al. CD4+ and CD8+ cell cytokine profiles in neonates, older children, and adults increasing T helper type 1 and T cytotoxic type 1 cell populations with age, Cell. Immunol., 183, 149, 1998. 

Cytokine profiling has also been measured as a function of changes in cytokine mRNA expression using either reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [87, 91-93] or ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) [94-97], Measurement of cytokine transcripts by RT-PCR revealed that prolonged exposure to TMA induced increased levels of IL-4 mRNA expression compared with treatment with DNCB [87,92-93]. However, expression of the type 1 cytokine IFN-y by DNCB-activated LNC was variable and failed to discriminate between contact and respiratory allergens [87,91,93). A similar profile was observed for freshly isolated tissue analyzed by RPA. This somewhat less... 

Plitnik, L.M., et al., Cytokine profiling for chemical sensitizers Application of the ribo-nuclease protection assay and effect of dose. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 179, 145, 2002. 

Sustained stressor exposures, both physical and psychological, have been shown to shift the cytokine profiles of the immune cells toward the promotion of inflammation and allergic response. Neural circuitry underlying stress and emotion can also regulate inflammation. Peripheral inflammatory mediators, in turn, influence mood and cognitive functions. Depressive symptomatology has been associated with the same proinflamma-tory cytokines that are released during an asthmatic attack or in other forms of severe stressor exposure. 

Sambatakou H. Pravica V. Hutchinson IV. Denning DW Cytokine profiling of pulmonary aspergillosis. Int J Immunogene 2006 33 297-302. 

Importantly, although Th2 cells are responsible for the development of allergic diseases, Thl cells may contribute to chronicity and effector phase in allergic diseases [30-33,38,39]. Distinct Thl and Th2 2 subpopulations of T cells counterregulate each other and play a role in distinct diseases [34,35]. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that peripheral T-cell tolerance is crucial for a healthy immune response and successful treatment of allergic disorders [40-42]. A further subtype ofT cells, with immunosuppressive function and cytokine profiles distinct from either Thl and Th2 cells, termed regulatory/suppressor T cells (Treg), has been existence in humans has been demonstrated [41,... 

Song, Y, Boyer, D., Leung, L, Moheb, S., Gu, J., Doan, A.T., Khan, A., Flores, 1., Yee, F.S., and Wong, J.R., A microarray system A novel multiplexed assay platform for cytokine profiling, 95th Annual Meeting, American Association for Gancer Research, Orlando, FL, March 27-31, 2004. 

Eglinton, B. A., Roberton, D. M., and Cummins, A. G. (1994). Phenot rpe of T cells, their soluble receptor levels, and cytokine profile of human breast milk. Immunol. Cell Biol. 72, 306-313. 

Bozza, F.A., et al. (2007) Cytokine profiles as markers of disease severity in sepsis a multiplex analysis. Crit Care. 11, R49. 

Rajananthanan, P, Attard, G. S., Sheikh, N. A., Morrow, W. J. (1999). Novel aggregate strueture adjuvants modulate lymphoeyte proliferation and Thl and Th2 cytokine profiles in ovalbumin immunized mice. Vaccine, 18,140-152. 

Hernandez, H.J., Sharpe, A.H. and Stadecker, M.J. (1999) Experimental murine schistosomiasis in the absence of B7 costimulatory molecules reversal of elicited T cell cytokine profile and partial inhibition of egg granuloma formation. The Journal of Immunology 1 62, 2884-2889. 

Fig. 9.2. Simplified schema of the development of T helper type 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) cells under the influence of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4, respectively, and how these two polarized T cell phenotypes produce cross-inhibitory cytokine profiles and promote different aspects of the host immune response (IFNy, interferon-gamma TNFa, tumour necrosis factor alpha Thr, T helper regulatory cell Th3, T helper type 3 cell).

In contrast to animal models, the immunologic response to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in humans has been difficult to demonstrate. Specific IgE suppression, specific IgG production or changes in the T cell-cytokine profile seem to be little affected by SLIT [9-13]. 

A6. Al-Janadi, M., Al-Balla, S., Al-Dalaan, A., and Raziuddin, S., Cytokine profile in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic disease. J. Clin. Immunol. 13, 58-67 (1993). 

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