Sensor smart

Figure 4.20 Schematic of the FDEMS sensor smart system for monitoring quality and for expert automated process control...

Some examples of sohd electrolytes are presented in Table 1. In the hmited scope of this article, only a few examples of some of the most important (i.e. for potential commercial apphcations) monovalent cation (Li+, Na+, and H+) and anion (oxide and fluoride) conductors will be discussed. Amorphous materials, glasses, and polymers are treated in Section 4. However, it should be noted that relatively good ionic conductors are known with many other monovalent ions including K+, Rb+, Cu+, T1+, and Ag+, divalent ions, for example, Pb +, Ca +, Ba +, Zn +, Sn + in jS -alumina, and even trivalent cations,and tetravalent cations. In Section 5, the application of some of these materials in electrochemical devices including batteries, sensors, smart windows and fuels cells are discussed. 

Key words field effect gas sensors, SiC gas sensors, smart sensing, temperature cychng, epitaxial graphene on SiC gas sensors. 

Mizutani T, Okabe Y, Takeda N. Quantitative evaluation of transverse cracks in carbon fiber reinforced plastic quasi-isotropic laminates with embedded smaU-diameter fiber Bragg grating sensors. Smart Mater Stmct 2003 12(6) 898—903. http //dx.doi.org/ 10.1088/0964-1726/12/6/006. 

Wang G, Pran K, Sagvolden G, Havsgard GB, Jensen AE, Johnson GA, et al. Ship hull structure monitoring using fibre optic sensors. Smart Mater Struct 2001 10(3) 472—8. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/308. 

Nassr AA, El-Dakhakhni WW. Non-destructive evaluation of laminated composite plates using dielectrometry sensors. Smart Mater Struct 2009 18(5) 055014. http // dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/18/5/055014. 

N G Elvin, A A Elvin, M Spector, A self-powered mechanical strain energy sensor . Smart McOer Struct, 200110(2) 293-299. 

Bonomo, C., Fortrma, L., Giaimone, R, Graziani, S. and Strazzeri, S. (2006). A model for ionic polymer metal composites as sensors. Smart Materials and Structures 15, pp. 749-758. 

Chen, Z., Tan, X., WiU, A. and Ziel, C. (2007b). A dynamic model for ionic polymer-metal composite sensors. Smart Materials and Structures 16, pp. 1477-1488. 

Xiaoping Shui, Chung DDL, Piezoresistive carbon filament pol5mer-matrix composite strain sensor. Smart Mater Struct, 5, 243-246, 1996. 

Personal tracker Activity monitoring Calorie counter Posture tracking Active walking Strain resistant cloths Sleep sensor Smart glass Smart cloths... 

Bernini R, Fraldi M, Minardo A, Minutolo V, Carannante F, Nunziante L and Zeni L (2006), Identification of defects and strain error estimation for bending steel beams using time domain Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensors . Smart Mater Struct, 15(2), 612. 

Campbell, M. et al Optimisation of Hi-birefringence Fibre Based Distributed Force Sensors. Smart Struct. Optical Instrumentation and Sensing Systems Conf. 1995, SPIE-vol. 2509 (1995), pp. 57-63... 

E. Verstrynge, M. Weavers, A novel technique for acoustic emission monitoring in civil structures with global fiber optic sensors. Smart Mater. Str. 23 Article Number 065022 (2014)... 

Tang L Q, Tao X M and Choy C L, Effectiveness and optimization of fiber Bragg grating sensor as embedded strain sensor . Smart Mater. Struct., 1999,8(1), 154-60. 

Hong C S, Kim C G, Kwon I and Park J W, Simultaneous strain and failure sensing of composite beam using an embedded fibre optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensor . Smart Structures and Materials 1996, SPIE, 1996, 2718, 122-33. 

Conductive textiles that change their electrical properties as a result of the environmental impact can be used as sensors. Smart textiles possess the properties of conventional textile materials and carry additive functional values. Typical examples are textiles that react to deformations such as pressure sensors, stretch sensors, and breathing sensors. Different physical principles are adopted to reach the same purpose, such as capacitive or resistive behavior of the textile sensor. On the other hand, biochemical, optical, temperature, humidity, and biopotential sensors can be made with smart textiles. 

Bonomo C, Fortuna L, Giannone P, Giaziani S, Strazzeri S (2006) A model for ionic polymer metal composites as sensors. Smart Mater Stmct 15 749-758 Brufau-Penella J, Puig-Vidal M, Giannone P, Graziani S, Strazzeri S (2008) Characterization of the harvesting capabflities of an ionic polymer-metal composite device. Smart Mater Stract 17... 

Fuhr, P. L., and Huston, D. R., Corrosion Detection in Reinforced Concrete Roadways and Bridges via Embedded Fiber Optic Sensors, Smart Materials and Structures, 7(2) 217-228 (1998). 

Metal fibers are mainly used for woven and knitted fabrics. Typical applications of metal fibers are filters (as in polymer melt spinning), antistatic applications (for example, filters, protective clothing), reinforcement structures (tire cord), and also sensors (smart textiles) and architecture (metal fabric fagade). 

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