Corrosive compounds

Primary alkanolamine solutions require a relatively high heat of regeneration. Also excessive temperatures or localized overheating in reboilers cause the MEA to decompose and form corrosive compounds. An inhibitor system, such as the Amine Guard system developed by Union Carbide, is an effective method of corrosion control (52). Inhibitors permit the use of higher (25—35%) concentration MEA solutions, thus allowing lower circulation rates and subsequendy lower regeneration duty. 

Activated tertiary amines such as triethanolamine (TEA) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) have gained wide acceptance for CO2 removal. These materials require very low regeneration energy because of weak CO2 amine adduct formation, and do not form carbamates or other corrosive compounds (53). Hybrid CO2 removal systems, such as MDEA —sulfolane—water and DIPA—sulfolane—water, where DIPA is diisopropylamine, are aqueous alkaline solutions in a nonaqueous solvent, and are normally used in tandem with other systems for residual clean-up. Extensive data on the solubiUty of acid gases in amine solutions are available (55,56). 

All raw materials and chemicals are checked for meeting the specifications set in the manufacturing procedures by standardized methods. PSS uses extremely high quality steel (V4A quality), which has proven to be especially resistant to corrosive compounds and/or conditions. 

Butanediol diglycidyl ether is a viscous liquid having a density of 1.45 at 20°C. It is a hygroscopic, corrosive compound with a displeasing odor that should be handled with care in a fume hood. Aqueous solutions of the bis-epoxide usually possess a characteristic oily film on their surfaces, indicating the limited solubility of the reagent. 

Techniques are available to quantify the generation of smoke, toxic and corrosive fire products using the NBS Smoke Chamber (15), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS) (J 6), FMRC Flammability Apparatus (2,3,5,17,18), OSU Heat Release Rate Apparatus (13) and the NIST Cone Calorimeter (JJO. Techniques are also available to assess generation of 1) toxic compounds in terms of animal response (19), and 2) corrosive compounds in terms of metal corrosion (J 7). In the study, FMRC techniques and AMTL PY-GC-MS techniques were used. 

A further interaction comes into play when the thermal DeNOx process is used to reduce NO,.. When stack gases cool and initial sulfur is present in the fuel, the S03 that forms reacts with water to form a mist of sulfuric acid, which is detrimental to the physical plant. Furthermore, the ammonia from the thermal DeNO, process reacts with water to form NH4HS02—a glue-like, highly corrosive compound. These S03 conditions can be avoided by reducing the S03 back to S02. Under stack (post-combustion) temperatures, the principal elementary reactions for S03 to S02 conversion are... 

Finally, Chaps. 5 and 6 will develop the experimental results of the penetration of various corrosive compounds through the cornea, up to the anterior chamber, in the contact of the lens (see Sect. 5.1.6). 

Whereas the tank type and the transpiring wall type are experimentally operated in bench scale rigs, the tubular reactor with multiple feedpoints for oxygen and quenching water is already commercialized for the treatment of solutions, such as long-chain alcohols and amines, without the risks arising from salt formation and corrosive compounds. 

Experimental Biochemistry employs the use of potentially hazardous reagents. Strong acids, strong bases, volatile compounds, flammable compounds, mutagenic compounds, corrosive compounds, radioisotopes, electricity, and sharp objects are the tools of the biochemist. Like any other tool, these are hazardous only when handled improperly. At the beginning of each experimental protocol, we draw your attention to potential hazards that may be associated with a particular reagent you are about to use. 

Caution Carry out all procedures in a well-ventilated hood, and wear disposable vinyl or latex gloves and chemical-resistant safety goggles Toluenesulfonyl chloride is a corrosive compound with a persistent odour. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. A corrosive compound. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx. See also PHOSPHATES. 

The trials on this pilot facility go further to study more aspects regarding MEA loss rates, and the optimum quality and quantity of the inhibitors and stabilizers needed to improve the amine tolerance at high oxygen levels to avoid the formation of corrosive compounds. The research aims to complete the process development and to identify potential applications for utilization of the recovered CO2 and to establish appropriate... 

Bromine is a volatile liquid at room temperature and pressure and so cannot be measured accurately by pipette. It is also an extremely corrosive compound, irritant to eyes, lungs and mucous membranes. To overcome these difficulties, the bromine required for reaction with the resorcinol is generated in situ by reaction of potassium bromate and potassium bromide in the presence of strong mineral acid. 

With the exception of two fluoropolymers, PVF and PTFE, the rest of the resins described in this entry can be processed by standard melt-processing techniques, such as injection, transfer and blow molding, extrusion, and rotational molding. Process equipment for fluoropolymers must be made from corrosion resistant alloys because of the corrosive compound that may be produced when fluoropolymers are heated above their melting points. Higher melt viscosity of these resins may require more powder and higher pressure rating equipment. 

Because a gasoline would be unsuitable for use if it corroded the metallic parts of the gasoline system or the engine, it must be substantially free from corrosive compounds both before and after combustion. 

A corrosive gas, introduced into the thermobalance as a reactant or generated as a product, must be kept away from contact with all metal or reactive parts of the apparatus. Reaction with balance components will (at best) cause error in measurements and (at worst) could ultimately destroy expensive equipment. For experiments involving corrosive compounds, it may be necessary to use balances manufactured from materials that do not react with the particular gases concerned or to include purging flows of inert gas that oppose undesirable contacts for example, a maintained flow across the balance beam is directed toward the sample. 

Caution. Dimethylphenylphosphine is a foul-smelling, corrosive compound. Toxicity or other health hazards have not been determined. All manipulations... 

B. Corrosive Compounds cause destruction or damage to living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. 

An attempt was made to correct the copper corrosion problem by different types of fuel treatments (25). JP-5 samples were subjected to clay or silica gel filtration, or treatment with activated charcoal to remove the corrosive compounds. None of these treatments was successful. Samples were also treated with barium nitrate (to precipitate out sulfonates), sodium hydroxide (to extract mercaptans), and air bubbling to oxidize the corrosive compounds. These chemical treatments also were unsuccessful. However, JP-5 fuel (which failed the copper corrosion test) passed if benzotriazole, sometimes used to passivate copper surfaces, was added to the fuel in low concentrations (2 ppm) using FSII as a solvent. This technique is effective for reducing jet fuel attack on copper-nickel pipes used aboard aircraft carriers (26). 

Most of the processes so far proposed for the gasification of polymeric wastes have been directly derived from earlier processes developed for the conversion of coal, natural gas and heavy petroleum fractions. However, certain details must be taken into account when processing plastic and rubber wastes in the gasification units, for instance the heterogeneity of the starting material, the problem of feeding the highly viscous melted plastics, and the possible formation of corrosive compounds, mainly HC1 from PVC. 

Monoaxially and biaxially oriented films of fluoropolymer are made by melt extrusion of the resin into flat webs or tubes. The main function of orientation is to enhance the mechanical properties of the film such as tensile break strength and tear resistance. The decision to orient is usually made according to the requirements of the end use for mechanical properties. All process surfaces that contact molten fluoropolymers must be corrosion resistant because of the formation of corrosive compounds such as HF and HCl from the high-temperature degradation of these plastics. 

Chloroacetaldehyde is a highly toxic and corrosive compound that can injure the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Exposure to its vapor at high concentrations can produce severe irritation and impair vision. At low concentrations, the vapor can cause irritation and sore eyelids. Brief contact with 40% aqueous solution can result in skin bum and destruction of tissues. A 0.5% dilute solution can still be irritating on skin. 

Synthesized Lewis Acid/Metal Oxide Superacids. - The introduction of Lewis acids onto carrier surfaces as a method of superacid formation has some shortcomings. First of all, there is the necessity to work with hygroscopic and corrosive compounds... 

As a consequence of animal welfare, experimental testing has to be reduced to a minimum level. Therefore corrosive compounds normally are not tested to investigate their acute toxicity their acute oral toxicity is to be regarded as toxic. 

Antiseptics are substances that inhibit the growth or development of microbes disinfectants do so by killing or destroying the growing form, but not necessarily resistant spore forms. A wide variety of toxic, flammable, and corrosive compounds are used as disinfectants, including phenols, cresols, alcohols, mercury, silver, and other metal compounds. 

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