Foul smelling

Place the distillate in a separating-funnel and extract the benzonitrile twice, using about 30 ml. of ether for each extraction. Return the united ethereal extracts to the funnel and shake with 10% sodium hydroxide solution to eliminate traces of phenol formed by decomposition of the benzenediazonium chloride. Then run off the lower aqueous layer, and shake the ethereal solution with about an equal volume of dilute sulphuric acid to remove traces of foul-smelling phenyl isocyanide (CaHjNC) which are always present. Finally separate the sulphuric acid as completely as possible, and shake the ether with water to ensure absence of acid. Run off the water and dry the benzonitrile solution over granular calcium chloride for about 20 minutes. 

Celiac Disease. A disturbance of the lower gastroiatestiaal tract, celiac disease is a chronic disease characterized by loss of appetite and weight, depression and irritabiUty, and diarrhea frequendy followed by constipation (35). One of the more disturbiag features of ceHac disease is the large, frothy, foul-smelling stools. The disease may develop ia childhood or later ia life. Frequendy, the patients who develop the disease ia adulthood report having had some of the symptoms duting childhood. 

Two undesirable aspects of FCC naphtha quaUty are that it may contain unacceptably high amounts of foul smelling mercaptans, and that its thermal stabiUty may be too low. Mercaptans are usually found in the light FCC naphtha and may be removed or converted to sulfides and disulfides by a sweetening process such as Merox, developed by UOP. Thermal stabiUty is improved in sweetening processes through removal of cresyUc and naphthenic acids. It may be further improved by clay treating and by addition of oxidation inhibitors such as phenylene diamine. 

In plasticizer manufacture, eg, of phthalates or sebacates, uskig sulfuric or/ -toluenesulfonic acid catalysts, the temperature (140—150°C) requked for rapid reaction and high conversion may dehydrate or oxidize the alcohol and may yield a dark or foul-smelling product. Neutral titanates do not cause such side reactions. Although a temperature of 200°C is requked, esterifications can easily be forced to over 99% conversion without the formation of odors or... 

Septicity Septicity is the condition in which organic matter decomposes to form foul-smelling products associated with the absence of free oxygen. If severe, the wastewater turns black, gives off foul-odors, contains little or no dissolved oxygen and creates a heavy oxygen demand. 

Tricarbon dioxide, C3O2, often called carbon suboxide and ponderously referred to in Chemical Abstracts as l,2-propadiene-l,3-dione, is a foul-smelling gas obtained by dehydrating malonic acid, CH2(C02H)2, at... 

Hydrogen sulfide is the only thermodynamically stable sulfane it occurs widely in nature as a result of volcanic or bacterial action and is, indeed, a prime source of elemental 8 (p. 647). It has been known since earliest times and its classical chemistry has been extensively studied since the seventeenth century.H28 is a foul smelling, very poisonous gas familiar to all students of chemistry. Its smell is noticeable at 0.02 ppm but the gas tends to anaesthetize the olefactory senses and the intensity of the smell is therefore a dangerously unreliable guide to its concentration. H28 causes irritation at 5 ppm, headaches and nausea at 10 ppm and immediate paralysis and death at 100 ppm it is therefore as toxic and as dangerous as HCN. 

Organoselenium compounds in particular, once ingested, are slowly released over prolonged periods and result in foul-smelling breath and perspiration. The element is also highly toxic towards grazing sheep, cattle and other animals, and, at concentrations above about 5 ppm, causes severe disorders. Despite this, Se was found (in 1957) to play an essential dietary role in animals and also in humans — it is required in the formation of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase which is involved in fat metabolism. It has also been found that the Incidence of kwashiorkor (severe protein malnutrition) in children is associated with inadequate uptake of Se, and it may well be involved in protection... 

Skatol is a foul-smelling compound, but when used in very minute amount is useful in the manufacture of flower blossom perfumes. 

Dimethyl sulphide, (CH3)2S, is a foul-smelling liquid, found in minute quantity in the essential oils of peppermint and geranium. It boils at 37°. 

Group II consists of six different cations, all of which form very insoluble sulfides (Figure A). These compounds are precipitated selectively by adding hydrogen sulfide, a toxic, foul-smelling gas. at a pH of 0.5. At this rather high H+ ion concentration. 0.3 M, the equilibrium... 

Chlorine can remove the foul smell of H2S in water. The reaction is... 

Subsequently, it was shown that cyclopentadienones are very efficient in trapping 2//-azirines formed transiently during the thermolysis of vinyl azides,109 and that 3//-azepines may be formed by heating the vinyl azide directly in the presence of the cyclopentadienone rather than with the often foul-smelling 2//-azirine.31,109 An example of this procedure is the preparation of the dihydro-3/f-naphth[2,l-fe]azepine 29 by thermolysis of 4-azido-l,2-dihydronaph-thalene (28) with 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone in refluxing toluene. 

One of the products of the reaction of sulfur with chlorine is disulfur dichloride, S2C12, a yellow liquid with a nauseating smell it is used for the vulcanization of rubber. When disulfur dichloride reacts with more chlorine in the presence of iron(III) chloride as a catalyst, the foul-smelling red liquid sulfur dichloride, SC12, is produced. Sulfur dichloride reacts with ethene to give mustard gas (16), which has been used in chemical warfare. Mustard gas causes blisters, discharges from the nose, and vomiting it also destroys the cornea of the eye. All in all, it is easy to see why ancient civilizations associated sulfur with the underworld. 

Caution Part A should be carried out in an efficient hood to minimize exposure to the foul-smelling thiophenol. See benzene warning, Org. Syn., 58, 168 (1979). 

Foul-smelling gases Sulfur-containing gases such as hydrogen sulfide that have an odor even at low concentrations. 

Maldigestion may be manifested by the presence of numerous large foul-smelling loose stools (steatorrhea) and flatulence. 

MK is a 15-year old high school student who had traveled to Mexico as part of a school group to practice his Spanish language skills. While in Mexico, he was careful in not drinking any local water and only consumed warm or heated food and soda. He is seen in the travel clinic with complaints of some "explosive" crampy diarrhea and has had constipation alternating with diarrhea for the last 2 weeks. MK indicates that his stools have been foul-smelling. 

Diarrhea Foul-smelling, copious, light-colored and fatty stools... 

Verhoef and co-workers suggested omitting the foul smelling pyridine completely and proposed a modified reagent, consisting of a methanolic solution of sulphur dioxide (0.5 M) and sodium acetate (1M) as the solvent for the analyte, and a solution of iodine (0.1 M) in methanol as the titrant the titration proceeds much faster and the end-point can be detected preferably bipoten-tiometrically (constant current of 2 pA), but also biamperometrically (AE about 100 mV) and even visually as only a little of the yellow sulphur dioxide-iodide complex S02r is formed (for the coulometric method see Section 3.5). 

In France, local municipalities with one foul-smelling factory had the power to ban the construction of additional chemical plants. Napoleon also decreed that all factories emitting unpleasant odors should be rated according to the seriousness of the problem. When Leblanc factories got some of the worst scores, they were banned near human habitation. Later, however, both Leblanc and Lavoisier became French national heroes, martyrs of progress. Factory towns named streets after Leblanc, and industrialists commissioned his statue. In 1856—at the peak of the Leblanc pollution in... 

Hydrogen Sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a foul-smelling gas that is released into the atmosphere from volcanoes as well as in the course of decay of animal tissues. As an air pollutant, it reacts with almost all metals, with the exception of gold, forming a dark-colored corrosive layer of metal sulfide, commonly known as tarnish, which discolors the exposed surface of most metals. 

Arsen-1,1-dithiolates are less popular than their phosphorus analogs, perhaps due to fear of toxicity and foul smell of the ligands. 

The anions of dithiocarboxylic acids, RCS2, have been occasionally used as ligands but their chemistry is much less investigated than that of dithiophos-phates or dithiocarbonates. This may be due to their lower stability, somewhat cumbersome preparation and foul smell. 

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