Corrective action control

Does not require identification and measurement of any disturbance for corrective action Control action not taken until the effect of the disturbance has been felt by the system... 

Corrective Action (Control Signal to Level Control Valve)... 

The "feedback loop in the analytical approach is maintained by a quality assurance program (Figure 15.1), whose objective is to control systematic and random sources of error.The underlying assumption of a quality assurance program is that results obtained when an analytical system is in statistical control are free of bias and are characterized by well-defined confidence intervals. When used properly, a quality assurance program identifies the practices necessary to bring a system into statistical control, allows us to determine if the system remains in statistical control, and suggests a course of corrective action when the system has fallen out of statistical control. 

The goals of quality assessment are to determine when a system has reached a state of statistical control to detect when the system has moved out of statistical control and, if possible, to suggest why a loss of statistical control has occurred so that corrective actions can be taken. For convenience, the methods of quality assessment are divided into two categories internal methods that are coordinated within the laboratory and external methods for which an outside agency or individual is responsible. The incorporation of these methods into a quaKty assurance program is covered in Section 15C. 

The main disadvantage of the feedback control strategy is that no corrective action is taken until after a deviation between the measured controlled... 

The primary advantage of the feedforward over the feedback control strategy is that corrective action is initiated before the controlled variable is upset. Feedforward control, however, has its own drawbacks, ie, variables used to characterize the disturbances must be measurable a model of the response of the controlled variable to the disturbance must be available (when the feedforward strategy is used alone, the control performance depends on the accuracy of the model) and the feedforward control strategy does not compensate for any disturbance not measured or modeled. 

Regulators may be used in gas blanketing systems to maintain a protective environment above anv liquid stored in a tank or vessel as the liquid is pumped out. When the temperature of the vessel is suddenly cooled, the regulator maintains the tank pressure and protects the waUs of the tank from possible collapse. Regulators are known for their fast dynamic response. The absence of time delay that often comes with more sophisticated control systems makes the regulator useful in applications requiring fast corrective action. 

Central processing unit (CPU) This is in the form of a micro controller and can be called the brain of the PLC. It computes and analyses the various data fed into it. It acts like a comparator and makes decisions on the corrective action necessary to fulfil process needs according to the instructions received from the program stored in the memory and generates the output commands. 

The corrective actions to be taken when control limits are exceeded... 

Corrective action Do multipoint calibration invalidate data collection since last zero/ span check within control limits... 

The controllable losses are those that the operator can have some degree of control over and can take corrective actions ... 

Environmental management system documentation Document control Operational control Emergency preparedness and response Checking and corrective action... 

We should note that in a general sense, the objective of pollution abatement is compliance. Whether we apply conventional controls or P2, the intent is to develop corrective actions that largely focus on the lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) technologies, and only sometimes on best available control technologies (BACT),... 

Corrective action A control action that provides a change in the manipulated variable. 

Dead band A range of the controlled variable in which no corrective action is taken. 

Improvement by better control is achieved through the corrective action mechanisms described in Part 2 Chapter 14 and ISO 9004-4. Improvement by raising standards requires a different process, a process that results in new standards. 

To determine the procedures you need you should design the system from the top down. Some requirements will apply to many operations such as document control, corrective action, and quality records whereas other requirements may apply to only one operation, such as auditing and management review. A matrix showing this relationship is given in Appendix D. 

Returning to the standard, this clause also only addresses the correction and prevention of nonconformities, i.e. departures from the specified requirements. It does not address the correction of defects, of inconsistencies, of errors, or in fact any deviations from your internal specifications or requirements. As explained in Part 2 Chapter 13, if we apply the definition of nonconformity literally, a departure from a requirement that is not included in the Specified Requirements is not a nonconformity and hence the standard is not requiring corrective action for such deviations. Clearly this was not the intention of the requirement because preventing the recurrence of any problem is a sensible course of action to take, providing it is economical. Economics is, however, the crux of the matter. If you include every requirement in the Specified Requirements , you not only overcomplicate the nonconformity controls but the corrective and preventive action controls as well. 

All nonconformities are caused, all causes within your control can be avoided - all that is needed is concerted action to prevent recurrence. There are three types of corrective action product-related, process-related, and system-related. Product-related nonconformities can be either internal or external, as addressed previously, and you will have nonconformity reports to analyze. Process-related nonconformities may arise out of a product nonconformity but if you expect something less than 100% yield from the process, the reject items may not be considered nonconformities. They may be regarded as scrap. By analyzing the process you can find the cause of low yield and improve... 

The standard requires the supplier to appty controls to ensure that corrective actions are taken and that thep are effective. 

The standard requires the supplier to app/y corrective actions taken and controls implemented to eliminate the cause of a nonconformity to other similar processes and products. 

To guarantee shipment on time, you either need to maintain an adequate inventory of finished goods for shipment on demand or utilize only predictable processes and obtain sufficient advanced order information from your customer. When you examine some of the requirements in ISO/TS 16949, you may be tempted to question how you can continually improve performance, reduce costs, and minimize space, material travel, equipment downtime, process variation, etc. and meet 100% on-time shipments. You can t, unless you have a partnership with your customer in which there is mutual assistance to meet common objectives. Without sufficient lead time on orders you will be unlikely to meet the target. However, the standard does acknowledge that you may not always be successful. There will be matters outside your control and matters over which you need complete control. It is the latter that you can do something about and take corrective action should the target not be achieved. 

Quality Management system priorities to consider are management responsibility, quality system principles, auditing, contract review, design control, corrective action, document control, quality records, training, product safety and liability, and statistical techniques, because these are critical aspects of the Quality Management system where Xmple Inc. already has some systems in place. 

In order to make sound decisions based on test and measurement data, the equipment used to provide that information must be properly controlled. This section of the standard addresses various control elements, corrective actions, and outside testing. 

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