International categories

Some of the criteria mentioned in Table 8.3 have also been used for international supplier selection. They are classified by Choy and Lee (2002) according to technical capabilities, quality assessments, and organization profiles, while Atkinson (2003) divides them into political, currency, and logistics risks. In Table 8.4, we propose an alternative classification for international supplier selection criteria. Political issues are not considered in this classification. In most cases, they are rarely a concern since only a major event could paralyze the exports of a country. We shall discuss the four major international categories of criteria in detail next. 

Brdulak points out characteristic areas for the external and internal categories of risk sources. In line with the proposed division, external risk factors cover four areas. The first encompasses factors from the macro environment, i.e. the more distant environment. The second area is the meso environment, which includes the situation in the sector and... 

The ISO 8681 standard, which treats all the petroleum products, groups lubricants, industrial oils and related products in the L Class. The international standard ISO 6743/0, accepted as the French standard NF T 60-162, subdivides the L Class into 18 families or categories. 

Furthermore, each sub-category given in Table 6.2 can be divided according to product viscosities, which are classified in the international standard ISO 3448 (French standard NF ISO 3448, index T 60-141). 

The goals of quality assessment are to determine when a system has reached a state of statistical control to detect when the system has moved out of statistical control and, if possible, to suggest why a loss of statistical control has occurred so that corrective actions can be taken. For convenience, the methods of quality assessment are divided into two categories internal methods that are coordinated within the laboratory and external methods for which an outside agency or individual is responsible. The incorporation of these methods into a quaKty assurance program is covered in Section 15C. 

A detailed examination of the correlation between Vj and M is discussed in references on analytical chemistry such as Ref. 6. We shall only outline the problem, with particular emphasis on those aspects which overlap other topics in this book. To consider the origin of the calibration curve, we begin by picturing a narrow band of polymer solution being introduced at the top of a solvent-filled column. The volume of this solvent can be subdivided into two categories the stagnant solvent in the pores (subscript i for internal) and the interstitial liquid in the voids (subscript v) between the packing particles ... 

Magnesium is employed ki a wide variety of appHcations, based on its chemical, electrochemical, physical, and mechanical properties. The International Magnesium Association (IMA) divides the markets for magnesium kito 10 categories and tracks the volume of primary magnesium shipments to each market area on an annual basis. 

Equipment Classification Equipment can be broadly classified into the following categories, generally in order of increasing complexity of internal construction. Those most generally used are ... 

An electric motor must be adequately protected against all unfavourable operating conditions and internal or external faults. We have classified these conditions into three categories to identify the most suitable protection ... 

Jankowski et al (1978) discuss in detail the great variety of gradientless reactors proposed by several authors with a pictorial overview in their paper. All of these reactors can be placed in a few general categories (1) moving catalyst basket reactors, (2) external recycle reactors, and (3) internal recycle reactors. 

Up to 90% of the total quality cost is due to failure, both internal and external, with around 50% being the average (Crosby, 1969 Russell and Taylor, 1995 Smith, 1993). A survey of UK manufacturing companies in 1994 found that failure under the various categories was responsible for 40% of the total cost of quality, followed by appraisal at 25%, and then prevention costs at 18%. This is shown in Figure 1.6. Of the companies surveyed, 17% were unsure where their quality costs originated, but indicated that these costs could be attributable to failure, either internally or externally. 

Scientific journals devoted to particular categories of materials, or procedures, become ever more numerous. Some are national, others continental or international in scope some are highly specific, others somewhere between broad and narrow spectrum some publish in English or another language only, others accept papers in several languages. All I can usefully do here is to cite a few examples. 

Table 4-4 summarizes the ratings of the various reactors. The CFSTR and the recirculating transport reactor are the best choices because they are satisfactory in every category except for construction. The stirred batch and contained solid reactors are satisfactory if the catalyst under study does not decay. If the system is not limited by internal diffusion in the catalyst pellet, larger pellets could be used and the stirred-contained solids reactor is the better choice. However,... 

There is also a category of intramolecular reactions/transforms which involves total mechanistic stereocontrol with conformationally restricted structures, for example the halolactonization transform 149 150 and the internal cycloaddition 151 152. These... 

For lean streams, you are asked to enter supply composition, target composition, maximum MSA flowrate, solute distribution (m), constant (b), cost, and epsilon (minimum composition difference). If an MSA has no upper limit to flowrate, enter a laige number or leave the flowrate as zero in this input held. Essentially all external MSAs fall into this category, while many internal MSAs are only available in certain quantities. 

TPEs from blends of rubber and plastics constitute an important category of TPEs. These can be prepared either by the melt mixing of plastics and rubbers in an internal mixer or by solvent casting from a suitable solvent. The commonly used plastics and rubbers include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), nylon, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), natural rubber (NR), butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, etc. TPEs from blends of rubbers and plastics have certain typical advantages over the other TPEs. In this case, the required properties can easily be achieved by the proper selection of rubbers and plastics and by the proper change in their ratios. The overall performance of the resultant TPEs can be improved by changing the phase structure and crystallinity of plastics and also by the proper incorporation of suitable fillers, crosslinkers, and interfacial agents. 

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