Copper sulfate preparation

Hantson P, Elevens M, Mahieu P. Accidental ingestion of a zinc and copper sulfate preparation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996 34(6) 725-30. 

Pentafluorobenzene. Pentafluoroben2ene has been prepared by several routes multistage saturation—rearomati2ation process based on fluorination of ben2ene with cobalt trifluoride reductive dechlorination of chloropentafluoroben2ene with 10% pabadium-on-carbon in 82% yield (226,227) and oxidation of penta uorophenylbydra2ine in aqueous copper sulfate at 80°C in 77% yield (228). Its ioni2ation potential is 9.37 V. One measure of toxicity is LD q = 710 mg/kg (oral, mouse) (127). 

A Methylamino)phenol. This derivative, also named 4-hydroxy-/V-methy1ani1ine (19), forms needles from benzene which are slightly soluble in ethanol andinsoluble in diethyl ether. Industrial synthesis involves decarboxylation of A/-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine [122-87-2] at elevated temperature in such solvents as chlorobenzene—cyclohexanone (184,185). It also can be prepared by the methylation of 4-aminophenol, or from methylamiae [74-89-5] by heating with 4-chlorophenol [106-48-9] and copper sulfate at 135°C in aqueous solution, or with hydroquinone [123-31 -9] 2l. 200—250°C in alcohoHc solution (186). 

Copper(II) sulfate monohydrate [10257-54-2] CuS04-H2 0, which is almost white in color, is hygroscopic and packaging must contain moisture barriers. This product is produced by dehydration of the pentahydrate at 120—150°C. Trituration of stoichiometric quantities of copper(II) oxide and sulfuric acid can be used to prepare a material of limited purity. The advantages of the monohydrate as opposed to the pentahydrate are lowered freight cost and quickness of solubilization. However, these advantages are offset by the dustiness of the product and probably less than one percent of copper sulfate is used in the monohydrate form. 

Tribasic coppersulfate is usually prepared by reaction of sodium carbonate and copper sulfate. As the temperature of the reaction contents increases so does the size of the resulting particle. For use as a crop fungicide, intermediate (40—60°C) temperatures are used to obtain a fine particle. When lower temperatures are used to precipitate basic copper(II) sulfate, products high in sulfate and water of hydration are obtained. 

Other materials based on EDA have also been suggested as fungicides. The most important of the imida2oline type (162) is 2-heptadecyl-2-imida2oline (163), prepared from EDA and stearic acid [57-11-4]. It is used as the acetate salt for control of apple scab and cherry leaf spot. A 2 1 EDA—copper sulfate complex has been suggested for control of aquatic fungi (164). 

Butyl Ether. -Butyl ether is prepared by dehydration of -butyl alcohol by sulfuric acid or by catalytic dehydration over ferric chloride, copper sulfate, siUca, or alumina at high temperatures. It is an important solvent for Grignard reagents and other reactions that require an anhydrous, inert medium. -Butyl ether is also an excellent extracting agent for use with aqueous systems owing to its very low water-solubiUty. 

Phenyl isothiocyanate has been prepared from thiocarbanilide by the action of phosphorus pentoxide, hydrochloric acid, iodine, phosphoric acid, acetic anhydride, and nitrous acid. It has also been prepared from ammonium phenyl dithiocarbamate by the action of ethyl chlorocarbonate, copper sulfate lead carbonate, lead nitrate, ferrous sulfate,and zinc sulfate. ... 

Depending on the dose and temperature regime, the screening effect azomopine is observed after intoxication by chlorophos. The survival of white rats injected with this preparation is 50% higher than that of control rats. When toxic doses of copper sulfate were injected for 7 days, 70 and 36% of the rats survived. After the simultaneous injection of azomopine, their survival increased to 100 and 70% (74MI1). 

Heretofore, no economical method for preparing pure phytic acid was known. The classical method was to dissolve calcium phytate in an acid such as hydrochloric acid, and then add a solution of a copper salt, such as copper sulfate to precipitate copper phytate. The latter was suspended in water and treated with hydrogen sulfide, which formed insoluble copper sulfide and released phytic acid to the solution. After removing the copper sulfide by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to yield phytic acid as a syrup. 

Copper sulfate is widely used as a dietary supplement for animal feed. A lab technician prepares a stock solution of CuS04 by adding 79.80 g of CuS04 to enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. An experiment requires a 0.1000 M solution of CuS04. 

A. Preparation of Cuprous Cyanide. (Note i)—In a 6-1. round-bottom flask fitted with a stopper carrying a mechanical stirrer, a separatory funnel, and a gas exit tube leading to a good hood (Note 2), is placed a solution of 650 g. (2.6 moles) of crystallized copper sulfate in 4 1. of water. The flask is surrounded by an oil bath and heated to about 8o°. The stirrer is started and a solution of 255 g. (5.2 moles) of sodium cyanide (Note 3) in 650 cc. of water is added from the separatory funnel over a period of about one-half hour. Then the mixture is boiled until no more cyanogen gas is evolved. This requires about five to ten minutes. 

The submitter used commercial cuprous bromide. The checkers prepared cuprous bromide by dissolving 600 g. (2.4 moles) of commercial copper sulfate crystals and 350 g. (3.4 moles) of sodium bromide in 2 1. of warm water the solution was stirred while 151 g. (1.2 moles) of solid sodium sulfite was added over a period of 10 minutes. Occasionally a little more sodium sulfite was required to discharge the blue color. The mixture was cooled, and the solid collected on an 8-in. Buchner funnel, washed once with water, pressed nearly dry, and then dried in... 

We have found that the method used to prepare the zinc-copper couple is an important variable in determining the efficiency and rate of these reactions. Optimal results are achieved using a couple prepared by brief 2 min) exposure of commercial zinc dust to twice the amount (0.06 equiv) of copper sulfate employed in the previous studies.We have also found that the cycloadditions proceed with equal efficiency and more conveniently by... 

A literature procedure for the preparation of the zinc-copper couple was followed except for the use of slightly more (28%) than the Indicated amount of copper sulfate. The checkers found that the kind of zinc used Is critical. Zinc dust, 325 mesh, from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. [catalog number 20,998-8] gave 7,7-d1chloro-l-methylb1cyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one in 80-89% yield. Zinc metal (dust) from Fisher Scientific Company (Lot 874394) gave the dichloro ketone In yields of 37-61% (five trials). The Fisher zinc was of unknown mesh, but was much more finely-divided than the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. zinc. 

Basic carbonate is obtained from its naturally occurring minerals. It also may be prepared by mixing a solution of copper sulfate with sodium carbonate. The precipitate is then filtered and dried. 

Copper(l) iodide is prepared by heating copper with iodine and concentrate hydriodic acid, HI. Another preparation route is precipitation of the salt by mixing aqueous solutions of potassium or sodium iodide with copper sulfate or any soluble copper(ll) salt ... 

A. Preparation of the cuprous chloride solution. A solution of 1250 g. (5 mols.) of crystallized copper sulfate and 325 g. (5.6 mols.) of sodium chloride in 4 1. of hot water is prepared in a x 2-1. flask. The flask is fitted with a mechanical stirrer, and an alkaline solution of sodium sulfite (265 g. of sodium bisulfite and 17 5 g. of sodium hydroxide in 2 1. of water) is added during a period of five to ten minutes. The mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and washed by decantation. The cuprous chloride is obtained as a white powder, which, however, darkens on exposure to the air. The crude product is dissolved in 2 kg. of commercial 28 per cent hydrochloric acid (sp. gr. 1.14) and the solution is used in the following preparation. 

To a solution of 1200 g. of copper sulfate and 400 g. of sodium chloride in 4 1. of water at 60-70° is added a concentrated solution of 200 g. of (90-95 per cent) sodium bisulfite (prepared if desired by saturating with sulfur dioxide a solution of 100 g. of sodium carbonate). The white precipitate of cuprous chloride is filtered off, sucked dry as rapidly as possible, and suspended in a mixture of 2 1. of water and 1500 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid (Note 1). 

It is more convenient to prepare cuprous chloride by reducing copper sulfate with sodium bisulfite than by the action of copper upon cupric chloride (see also p. 33). It is well to test a sample of the filtrate with sodium bisulfite solution no further cuprous chloride should separate. 

Aminopyridine has been prepared by heating nicotinamide in an alkaline potassium hypobromite solution at 70° by hydrolysis of 8-pyridylurethan with oleum by heating 3-amino-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid at 250° by reduction of 3-nitro-pyridine with zinc and hydrochloric acid and by heating 3-bromopyridine with ammonia and copper sulfate in a sealed tube. ... 

Mercuric-5-nitrotetrazole [Structure (2.13)] was prepared according to the methods reported by Gilligan et al. [14] and Redman and Spear [15]. Thus, 5-aminotetrazole was treated with sodium nitrite and copper sulfate to obtain Cu(NT)2HNT-4H20 (where NT nitrotetrazole). The copper salt was subsequently converted to the ethylene diamine complex MNT was then obtained by treating the complex with mercuric nitrate in HN03 medium. The precursors and final product were air dried. The synthesis of these compounds is carried out in a fume hood behind a protective polycarbonate shield in a stainless steel reaction vessel. 

Preparation of sodium-5-nitrotetrazole dihydrate The diazotization of 5-ami-notetrazole monohydrate (AT) in the presence of excess of sodium nitrite and copper sulfate gives a complex cupric salt intermediate [Cu(NT)2 HNT-4H20] which is then converted to the sodium salt [NaNT-2H20]. 

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