Rats, control

Howald, G.R., Minean, R, Elhott, J.E., and Cheng, K.M. (1999). Brodifacoum poisoning of avian scavengers during rat control at a seabird colony. Ecotoxicology 8, 431 37. 

Rat control is needed on an estimated million acres of cane in the countries mentioned and to a lesser degree on much of the remaining 7,000,000 acres under consideration. One pound of warfarin should treat 8 to 10 acres of sugar cane. Maximum demand would be under 1,000,000 pounds, and the probable demand would be about 100,000 pounds. 

FIGURE I (top) Mean arterial blood pressure and (bottom) iNOS activity in the lungs of normal Wistar rats (Control) and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats prior to and 120 min after receiving lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.1 mg/kg) as well as at 120 min after LPS in ADX rats pretreated with dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) (DEX+ADX) n = 3-6). Data are expressed as the means SEM of observations. 

Figure 2.3 IgG levels after administration of drug delivery systems in rats. Controlled-delivery systems for antibody class IgG. The insert figures show the release of antibody from the delivery system during incubation in buffered saline. The panel (a) inset shows release from poly(lactic acid) microspheres these spherical particles were 10-100/rm in diameter. The panel (b) inset shows release from a poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] matrix these disk-shaped matrices were 1 cm in diameter and 1 mm thick. In both cases, molecules of IgG were dispersed throughout the solid polymer phase. Although the amount of IgG released during the initial 1-2 days is greater for the matrix, the delivery systems have released comparable amounts after day 5. (a) Comparison of plasma IgG levels after direct injection of IgG (open circles) or subcutaneous injection of the IgG-releasing polymeric microspheres characterized in the inset (filled circles). The delivery system produces sustained IgG concentrations in the blood [3]. (b) Comparison of plasma IgG levels after direct intracranial injection of IgG (open squares) or implantation of an IgG-releasing matrix (filled squares) [4]. The influence of the delivery is less dramatic in this situation, probably because the rate of IgG movement from the brain into the plasma controls the kinetics of the overall process.

Methylbutane Rat, control 2-methyl-butanol-l +3-methyl-butanol-l 6.7 117)... 

Figure 4. Tissue specific changes in the amount of mRNAs for various acyl-CoA dehydrogenases caused by VPA administration. Adult Wistai rats were divided into two groups of ten rats (Control and VPA-treated). Total RNA was prepared from liver, psoas muscle, heart, kidney and small intestine. Serial 2-fold dilutions of total RNA (4,2,1 ng) were blotted onto a nylon membrane and hybridized with the radiolabeled cDNA probes for various acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. The results on the amount of each mRNA were quantitatively analyzed using a densitometer, and expressed as a shift from the control level in percentage. Each value represents the mean of three experiments.

Flow rats control Mass flow 9Bugs Etectro-valvs... 

Quy, R.J., Cowan, D.P., Haynes, P., Inglis, I.R. Swinney, T. 1992. The influence of stored food on the effectiveness of farm rat control. Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests and Diseases, pp. 291—300. Thornton Heath British Crop Protection Council. 

I. Gliko-Kabir, B. Yagen, M. Baluom, and A. Rubinstein, Phosphated crosslinked guar for colon-specific drug delivery II. In vitro and in vivo evaluation in the rat, /. Control. Release, 63 (1), 129-134, 2000. 

Adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats, control and Pb-exposed groups N = 10, control or dosed Pb = l m 1/100 ppm Pb acetate/d orally, up to 3 months PbB = 2.4 yg/dl, 2 months BP as endpoint Dosed animals had statistically increased SBP Attri et al. (2003)... 

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, control and dosed groups N=7, control or dosed Pb = 100 ppm In drinking water, 12 weeks PbB = 3.2 pg/dl at 14 weeks BP as endpoint Mean SBP in dosed animals statistically significantly higher than control by 8 weeks, rising to 14 weeks Ding et al. (1998)... 

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, control and dosed groups Control and dosed Pb dosing (1) 100 ppm In drinking water, 6 months, water 6 months or (2) 0.5% Pb water 6 months, Succimer administered intermittently BP as endpoint BP increased with 0.01% Pb but not 0.5% Pb Succimer lowered BP in both dosing groups Khalil-Manesh etal. (1994)... 

Male Sprague-Dawley adult rats, controls and exposed (N= 6) Low Pb exposure followed by treatment with antioxidant lazaroid (5 mg/ kg, i.p., 2 X daily) for 2 weeks 100 ppm in drinking water, 12 weeks Lazaroid abolished the hypertension, normalized plasma MDA and urinary NO. Pb exposure produced hypertension in concert with increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased NO excretion Vaziri et al. (1997)... 

Male Sprague—Dawley adult rats, controls and exposed Low Pb exposure, with or without vitamin E-fortified diet 100 ppm in drinking water, 12 weeks Pb exposure without vitamin E produced hypertension increase in tissue nitrotyrosine, decrease in urinary NO. Vitamin E use halted hypertension and normalized tissue nitrotyrosine and urinary NO Vaziri et al. (1999)... 

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