Simultaneous injection

Depending on the dose and temperature regime, the screening effect azomopine is observed after intoxication by chlorophos. The survival of white rats injected with this preparation is 50% higher than that of control rats. When toxic doses of copper sulfate were injected for 7 days, 70 and 36% of the rats survived. After the simultaneous injection of azomopine, their survival increased to 100 and 70% (74MI1). 

This approach uses a kinetic sequential principle to carry out multicomponent CL-based determinations. In fact, when the half-lives of the CL reactions involved in the determination of the analytes in mixture are appreciably different, the CL intensity-versus-time curve exhibits two peaks that are separate in time (in the case of a binary mixture) this allows both analytes to be directly determined from their corresponding calibration plots. In general, commercially available chemiluminometers have been used in these determinations, so the CL reaction was initially started by addition of one or two reaction ingredients. Thus, in the analysis of binary mixtures of cysteine and gluthatione, appropriate time-resolved response curves were obtained provided that equal volumes of peroxidase and luminol were mixed and saturated with oxygen and that copper(H) and aminothiol solutions were simultaneously injected [62, 63],... 

Work on radiocarbon has been limited to a few experiments to test the multi-beam concept. These experiments are considerably more difficult, as the relative concentrations are much lower, our present injection system is very poor for simultaneous injection of 14C, 13C, and 12C and there is no easily-available mass-14 substitute beam on which to tune up the system (14N is unstable). 

To show the separation capability of the OFRR-based pGC analyzer, we simultaneously inject mixtures of various analytes. In conventional GC and pGC systems, separation occurs as the sample travels through a separation column that is several tens of meters long for conventional GC and is on the order of a meter for pGC. In this experiment, the distance between the OFRR inlet and the location... 

Reference has already been made to the fact that 2-fluoro-ethyl 9-fluorononanecarboxylate proved no more toxic than the corresponding ethyl ester by injection into mice. This was contrary to expectation, and was investigated in the following manner. One set of mice was injected with ethyl 9-fluorononanecarboxylate in the usual way a second set of mice had exactly the same injections of this ester and then, almost simultaneously, injections of fluoroethyl alcohol were made corresponding to the amount which would have been liberated had 2-fluoroethyl 9-fluorononanecarboxylate been injected instead. The mice of the second set therefore contained the same amount of fluorine as if they had been injected with the latter ester. The results are tabulated as follows ... 

Injection of several materials side by side in the same mould. This is the process used to produce taillights. The thermoplastics must be compatible. It is possible to use moulds with moving parts and inject the materials successively, or use simple moulds and simultaneously inject the materials (Figure 5.3). 

The fluorescence of pyridoxal is dramatically increased by complexation with beryllium ion, which provides a means for accurate measurements of these Bg vitamers by using a flow-cell packed with C,g bonded silica beads. The complex is eluted from the sensor by the aqueous stream itself, into which the sample and beryllium are simultaneously injected [68]. 

Based on data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ERA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration program, the cost for using this technology to treat liquid wastes was calculated. Treatment costs vary with the system utilization rates. These cost estimates were 2000 per ton (1994 U.S. dollars) for a utilization rate of 60% 1850 per ton for a rate of 70% and 1670 per ton for a rate of 80%. The site preparation cost was 127,400. The feed rates used for this analysis were assumed to be 2.2 kg/min of wastewater and 0.485 kg/min of waste oil. The waste streams were simultaneously injected into the reactor. Labor proved to be the most important element affecting cost (52%), followed by site preparation (15%), supplies (12%), and startup/mobilization (12%) (D187160, p. 19). 

In guinea pigs, simultaneous Injections of IV (Intramuscularly at 100 mg/kg) and DFP (subcutaneously at 1.5 mg/kg) limited Inhibition of red-cell cholinesterase to 20%, whereas the same dose of DFP alone Inhibited It by about 65%. Half that dose of IV Injected Intramuscularly 90 min after the same dose of DFP stopped Inhibition of red-cell cholinesterase by DFP and returned the activity of that enzyme to 93% of its normal value by 24 h after the dose of DFP. The red-cell cholinesterase of guinea pigs that were not given oxime after the dose of DFP had risen to only 87% of Its normal value by the twenty-first day after injection of DFP. 

An extension of CC is Simultaneous Correlation Chromatography (SCC) (Smit et al. Fig. 13 shows an experimental set up. Three samples with naphthalene, anthracene and l,2-ben2anthracene are simultaneously injected, however, each controlled by a sequence uncorrelated with the others. The result is shown in Fig. 14. The peaks of naphthalene are used to construct a calibration line. The advantages are twofold The random fluctuations are reduced by multiple injection and averaging property, and both an unknown sample and calibration samples are measured simultaneously under exactly the same conditions, drift and uncertainty are reduced to a high extent. 

Recommended dosage and monitoring requirements Retavase is administered as a double bolus injection. Each intravenous bolus delivers reteplase 10 U and is administered over 2 minutes. The second bolus is given 30 minutes after initiation of the first. Each bolus injection should be given via an intravenous line in which no other medication is being simultaneously injected or infused. 

A single Sample Simultaneously Injected into Two Dissimilar Columns. This is done by means of a simple inlet splitter which allows half the sample to enter one column and the other half of the sample to enter the second column. Two similar... 

Hage, D.S., Thomas, D.H., Chowdhuri, A.R., and Clarke, W. 1999. Development of a theoretical model for chromatographic-based competitive binding immunoassays with simultaneous injection of sample and label. Anal Chem 71 (15) 2965—2975. 

By simultaneously injecting both beams into a DR1 PMMA film, within hours a self-written QPM nonlinearity of 90 pm V1 was permanently inscribed, allowing further use of the film as a second harmonic generator. The limitation is that the harmonic is generated near its absorption peak and hence only very thin films with a small net conversion efficiency can be used [116]. Detuned from resonance, the nonlinearity is naturally significantly decreased. Nonetheless this method remains potentially very attractive. 

In this particular example six simultaneous injections at 20g load were performed in less than 6 hours (Figure 5.11). 

Iron consequently has to be applied onto silica from iron(ll) solutions, since iron(II) precipitates at a much higher pH level than iron(III) [28]. With iron(II) a high interaction with silica supports is observed. With iron(III) a reverse precipitation has to be carried out. An acid iron(III) solution is injected into a suspension of silica, kept at a pH level of about 6 by simultaneous hydrolysis of urea or simultaneous injection of an alkaline solution. 

The on-column technique for the preparation of derivatives consists in simultaneous injection of the sample and the reagent (or injection in a rapid sequence), so that the derivative is formed immediately before the chromatographic process in the injection port of the chromatograph or in the front part of the column. This technique has been applied to simple reactions only, such as silylation (see p.72) and acylation (see p.66), for the rapid identification of compounds. A quantitative reaction is often difficult to define as it depends on a number of parameters. The flash-heater reaction technique for the preparation of derivatives is closely related to the preceding one as it is usually... 

Acetyl derivatives prepared on the column by subsequent injection of anhydride were exploited by Anders and Mannering [346] for the characterization of some steroids by the peak shift technique. The simultaneous injection of an acetic anhydride—propionic anhydride mixture leads to the simultaneous formation of acetyl and propionyl derivatives. Chamberlain et al. [347] applied acetyl derivatives to the analysis of progesterone metabolites in urine. They performed the acetylation of substrates with acetic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature overnight and GC on a column packed with 6% QF-1 (250°), 5% SE-30 (250°C) or 3% NPGA (225°C). 

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of insulin glulisine following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of insulin glulisine immediately premixed in a syringe with NPH insulin versus separate simultaneous injections of insulin glulisine and NPH insulin. 

The total systemic insulin glulisine availability as presented by [AUC(o-ciamp end)] was similar for the two modes of administration of insulin glulisine and NPH insulin, mixed in a syringe immediately before injection (treatment B), and the separate simultaneously injections (treatment A). 

In the non-steady state, changes of stoichiometry in the bulk or at the oxide surface can be detected by comparison of transient total and partial ionic currents [32], Because of the stability of the surface charge at oxide electrodes at a given pH, oxidation of oxide surface cations under applied potential would produce simultaneous injection of protons into the solution or uptake of hydroxide ions by the surface, resulting in ionic transient currents [10]. It has also been observed that, after the applied potential is removed from the oxide electrode, the surface composition equilibrates slowly with the electrolyte, and proton (or hydroxide ion) fluxes across the Helmholtz layer can be detected with the rotating ring disk electrode in the potentiometric-pH mode [47]. This pseudo-capacitive process would also result in a drift of the electrode potential, but its interpretation may be difficult if the relative relaxation of the potential distribution in the oxide space charge and across the Helmholtz double layer is not known [48]. 

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