Copper oxide nanoparticles

Karlsson, H.L. et al. (2008) Copper oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic a comparison between metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21 (9), 1726-1732. 

Immobilizing DENs within a sol-gel matrix is another potential method for preparing new supported catalysts. PAMAM and PPI dendrimers can be added to sol-gel preparations of silicas " and zinc arsenates to template mesopores. In one early report, the dendrimer bound Cu + ions were added to sol-gel silica and calcined to yield supported copper oxide nanoparticles. Sol-gel chemistry can also be used to prepare titania supported Pd, Au, and Pd-Au nanoparticle catalysts. Aqueous solutions of Pd and Au DENs were added to titanium isopropoxide to coprecipitate the DENs with Ti02. Activation at 500°C resulted in particles approximately 4 nm in diameter. In this preparation, the PAMAM dendrimers served two roles, templating both nanoparticles and the pores of the titania support. 

Other non-metal particles have also been described as possible catalysts in electroanal3Aical systems [13, 33]. For example, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) of 5 nm size were mixed with... 

Marino E, Huijser T, Creyghton Y, Heijden AVD. Synthesis and coating of copper oxide nanoparticles using atmospheric pressure plasmas. Surf Coat Technol 2007 201(22/23) 9205-8. 

NanoScale Materials sells a nanometre scale magnesium oxide that is said to have antimicrobial activity, and Nanophase Technologies Corp. is marketing copper oxide nanoparticles. Kobe Steel is licensing technology for electroplating plastic substrates with nickel-based antibacterial... 

Reddy VP, Kumar V, Rao KR (2010) Copper oxide nanoparticles catalyzed vinylation of imidazoles with vinyl halides under ligand-free conditions. Tet Lett 51 3181-3185 Dandia A, Parewa V, Rathore KS (2012) Synthesis and characterization of CdS and Mn doped CdS nanoparticles and their catalytic application for chemoselective synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles in aqueous medium. Catal Comm 28 90-94 Itoh T, Nagata K, Ishikawa H, Ohsawa A (2004) Synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and imidazoles using scandium triflate as a catalyst for both a ring closing and an oxidation steps. Heterocycles 63 2769-2783... 

Additives to suppress particle agglomeration may be added to the suspension. This is crucial for low particle sizes [129]. Pfeifer et al. described a technique for wash-coating copper/zinc oxide catalysts onto aluminium microchannels [135], Copper oxide nanoparticles of 41 nm average particle size were mixed with zinc oxide nanoparticles of 77 nm average particle size either by wet mixing with aqueous hydroxy ethyl cellulose or hydroxy propyl cellulose in isopropyl alcohol. Alternatively, the particles were typically milled and then dispersed in aqueous hydroxy ethyl cellulose. The dispersion then filled in the microchannels, resulting in a catalyst layer of 20 pm thickness, which was then calcined in air at 450 °C. The surface area of the samples was around 20 m g . ... 

Jadhav S, Gadcwad S, Nimse M, Rajbhoj A (2011) Copper oxide nanoparticles synthesis, characterization and their antibacterial activity. J Cluster Sci 22 121-129 Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Wilt TJ (2006) Systematic review antimicrobial urinary catheters to prevent cathet -assodated urinary tract infection in hospitaUzed patients. Ann Int Med 144 116-126... 

Figure 17.8b shows a decrease in the surface area per gram of nickel and iron oxide nanoparticles upon increasing R, whereas a slight increase was observed for copper oxide nanoparticle, despite the increase in the mean particle size. It seans that the mean particle size of copper oxide did not represent particle size distribution to a good extent. The figure shows au iuCTease in the surface area per liter of iron and copper oxide, only because R was limited to the portion belonging to the increase in iron and copper oxide uptake. For nickel oxide, on the other hand, a sharp decrease in surface area per liter for / > 3 resulted from the sharp decrease in nanoparticle uptake at these values of R. 

Nassar, N.N. and Husein, M.M. 2007b. Effect of microemulsion variables on copper oxide nanoparticle uptake by AOT microemulsions, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 316, 442-450. 

As an example, to give functional fibers bioactivities, Cupron Inc. utilized the bioactivities of copper to develop a new type of copper-containing antimicrobial fiber. During the melt-spinning process, copper oxide nanoparticles were mixed into the... 

Mancier V, Daltin A-L, Leckercq D (2008) Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide (I) nanoparticles produced by pulsed sonoelectrochemistry. Ultrason Sonochem 15 157-163... 

C.2. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID FACILITATED GROWTH OF COPPER AND ALUMINUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES... 

Differential toxicity of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles of similar hydrodynamic diameter on human differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers is correlated in part to copper release and shape. Nanotoxicology 6(7) 789-803... 

A review of the literature showed that the nanoparticles used in the production of nanofluids were aluminum oxide (AI2O3), titanium dioxide (Ti02), nitride ceramics (AIN, SiN), carbide ceramics (SiC, TiC), copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), gold (Au), silver (Ag), silica (Si02) nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNT). The base fluids used were water, oil, acetone, decene and ethylene glycol. Modem technology allows the fabrication of materials at the nanometer scale, they are usually available in the market under different particle sizes and purity conditions. They exhibit... 

Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have been prepared in amorphous Si02 matrix using a complex of Cu(II) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (CuPVA) as template [67]. The authors report the formation of CuO particles within the porous silica after calcination. In this case, the template was not ordered and was well compatible with forming silica, so the material formed must be fully disordered. Moreover, copper oxide particles can be present both in the pores and in the silica body the latter will obscure particle surface from participation in catalytic reactions which authors consider being a suitable application. 

Similar to Ag, the Cu nanoparticles obtained from RESOLV with the microemulsion as solvent for the rapid expansion formed a stable suspension in ethanol under PVP polymer protection, which was essentially indistinguishable from a typical homogeneous solution. The nanoparticles were air-sensitive in both the suspension and the solid state to form copper oxide in the presence of oxygen. Thus, an inert atmosphere had to be maintained via purging nitrogen gas to prevent the nanoparticles from oxidation. Shown in Figure 3 is the absorption spectrum of... 

Using three different preparation methods copper oxide modified MCM-41 silica and Al-MCM-41 materials were obtained and characterized by various techniques (nitrogen physisorption, XRD and TPR-TGA) and methanol decomposition as a catalytic test reaction. At certain conditions of impregnation and drying at room temperature and under vacuum it was possible to form highly dispersed CuO nanoparticles incorporated almost exclusively within the mesoporous host structure. These particles could be reduced with H2 at considerably lower temperatures than the bulk CuO. 

It has been reported that single or mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium oxide, incorporated into a filtration medium containing a binder matrix, can destroy bacteria (57). The metal oxide nanocrystals are included in amounts ranging from approximately 0.1 % up to about 10% by weight, based on the entire filtration medium. In a series of studies, it has been shown... 

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