Matrix binders

Difference between the measured decrease in film thickness and that calculated from the weight loss. Since with internal destruction it is only "light" binder matrix which disappears and not "heavy" pigment, there must be a difference between the two measurements. This is also actually found (Fig. 11). 

Seawater-filled leached layer (porous binder matrix)... 

Al203-montmorillonite complexes were prepared according to the procedure described by Sterte and Otterstedt (19). The samples used in this study were prepared from untreated aluminum chlorohydrate and from aluminum chlorohydrate hydro thermally treated at 120° and l O C (catalyst designations Ml, M2 and M3). The catalysts were air dried and ground in a ball mill. The fraction 0-100 microns was separated and steamed in a muffle furnace at 750°C for 18 hrs. As a reference, a sample containing 20 % REY in a kaolin-binder matrix was prepared and treated in the same manner (catalyst M ). 

The importance of diffusion enhancement to heavy oil cracking is further illustrated by the alumina-montmorillonite complexes which crack heavier feeds, i.e. Wilmington fraction No. 6, more effectively than REY. When used as matrices for REY, the alumina-montmorillonites results in considerably more active catalysts, at the same zeolite content, compared with a catalyst having a kaolin-binder matrix, while the selectivity properties differs very little between the two types of catalysts (Sterte, 3. Otterstedt, 3-E. Submitted to Appl.Catal.). 

Moisture embrittlement must be distinguished from other forms of embrittlement. Brittleness of propellants at low temperatures is normally caused by binders which stiffen excessively with decreasing temperatures, owing to partial crystallization of the binder matrix (e.g.9 copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile, some hydrogenated polybutadienes, etc.). Such propellants are brittle at low temperatures whether they have been exposed to moisture or not. 

Load Sharing of Filler Particles. Comparison of ultimate strength of a propellant and its unfilled binder matrix almost always shows that the propellant has up to several times the tensile strength of the matrix. This filler reinforcement is presently thought to stem from additional crosslinks formed between filler particles and the network chains of the binder matrix (5, 8, 9, 34). Effective network chains are defined as the chain segments between crosslinks. From the classical theory of elasticity, the strength and/or modulus of an elastomer is proportional to the number of effective network chains per unit volume, N, or... 

Composite rocket propellants are two-phase mixtures comprising a crystalline oxidizer in a polymeric fuel/binder matrix. The oxidizer is a finely-dispersed powder of ammonium perchlorate which is suspended in a fuel. The fuel is a plasticized polymeric material which may have rubbery properties (i.e. hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene crosslinked with a diisocyanate) or plastic properties (i.e. polycaprolactone). Composite rocket propellants can be either extruded or cast depending on the type of fuel employed. For composite propellants which are plastic in nature, the technique of extrusion is employed, whereas for composite propellants which are rubbery, cast or extruded techniques are used. 

The metal effect depends not only on particle size and particle size distribution, but also on the orientation of the metal flakes within the coating film, particle shape, the transparency of the binder matrix, and the presence of colored pigments or dyes. 

Binder, coacervation Encapsulation Matrix, binder Matrix, membrane... 

Matrix, binder Matrix, membrane Matrix, membrane Matrix, membrane Matrix, membrane Adhesive/matrix Bioerodible Biodegradable Biodegradable... 

I I natural binder matrix. j hydrophobic silane layer... 

These materials are extremely hard and wear resistant up to high temperatures (800 °C) and are used as high-speed cutting tools. They contain finely dispersed (l-3 J,m size) particles ofW, Ti, or Ta carbides (primarily WC) in a cobalt binder matrix (70 97.5% carbide). The direction of further development here is to produce and compound increasingly fine particulates, for example, by use of chemical precursor processes. ... 

Composite rocket propeiiants. This type of propellant contains two-phase mixtures with a aystalhne oxidizer in a polymeric fuel or binder matrix. The finely dispersed powder of ammonium perchlorate suspended in a fuel is the oxidizer. The fuel is a plasticized polymeric material such as hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene cross-linked with a diisocyanate (rubber ts e) or carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (plastic type) [4]. 

Very simply, a sandstone has a grain composition of stone detritus (quartz, feldspar, detritic mica/clays) and a binder that may be clayey, quartzitic, or carbonatic (or mixtures thereof) [51, 55]. The mineral composition of limestone is mostly calcium carbonate, often derived fi om precipitated calcium carbonate and fossil shell remnants fi-om marine organisms and a calcitic binder matrix [51, 56, 57]. 

In addition to these four typical binding mechanisms (Figure 14a to d), whereby bonding occurs at the coordination points, three other models exist. Form-closed bonds (e) are only possible if the particulate matter is shaped such that, somehow, it can interlock and capillary forces (f) can only become effective in a disperse system which is filled with a liquid that forms concave menisci at the pore ends. In the third case, particles forming the agglomerate are embedded in a matrix of binder the model can also be depicted by Figure 14(f) where the dark areas represent the binder matrix. 

Cemented carbides represent a group of hard and wear-resistant refiactory composites in which hard carbide particles are bound together or are cemented by a ductile and tough binder matrix. Although the term cemented carbide is still widely used, mainly in English-speaking countries, and well describes the nature of the composite, they are even better known internationally as hardmetals. The latter term will be used in the following. 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,479,164 [128] discloses an extrudable or moldable biodegradable composite material comprising cellulosic fiber such as wood, wood chips, or cotton, and the starch-based biodegradable binder matrix. 

It has been reported that single or mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium oxide, incorporated into a filtration medium containing a binder matrix, can destroy bacteria (57). The metal oxide nanocrystals are included in amounts ranging from approximately 0.1 % up to about 10% by weight, based on the entire filtration medium. In a series of studies, it has been shown... 

On account of their fine state of division, transparent pigments may cause dispersion and flocculation problems. They are used not only for their decorative effects— their high UV absorption and lightfastness are also exploited to protect the binder matrix and substrate (e.g., wood). Worldwide consumption was estimated to be ca. 40001 in 1995. 

---