Nanoparticles oxidation

Many nanoparticles (oxides, hydroxides, POSS, metallic phosphates, catalysts residues,...) have been developed for various purposes corresponding to various functional properties of polymers and composites. Some of them have been evaluated as potential FRs owing to their characteristics... 

Formation of zero-valent copper clusters with glutathione has been studied anaerobically. The ligand has been reported to provide a snbstantial degree of surface passivation. Rednction of a Cu(II)-GSH complex prodnced nanoparticles with a plasmon resonance band at 363 nm. These nanoparticles possessed a diameter of 9.7 4.3nm as demonstrated by TEM analysis. Under aerobic conditions, the nanoparticles oxidatively degrade as evinced by the loss of the plasmon absorption band over time. 

Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to characterise 4H-SiC layers grown from a variety of precursor systems.381 FTIR data were able to characterise hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride films with embedded nanoparticles. Oxidation leads to the appearance of an Si O feature at 1070 cm 1,382 Raman spectra were used to determine the degree of micro-crystallinity of pc Si I I layers, using the intensity ratio of bands at 520 cm-1 and 480 cm-1.383 IR and Raman spectra were used to determine the effects of neutron irradiation on a-SiC H films.384 A range of a-SiCx I I and a-SiCxNy H films were studied using IR spectroscopy 385 similar experiments were carried out on a-Si i xGcx Il,F films.386... 

These membranes are made of nanoparticle oxides, which represent hydrophilic, higher temperature alternatives to polymeric proton... 

The objective of this effort is to develop MEAs for H2 fuel cells based on POEMs. These membranes are made of nanoparticle oxides such as Ti02, Si02, Z1O2, or AI2O3 that are hydrophilic and offer higher temperature stability and operation than polymeric PEMs. These membranes are supported on tape cast porous nickel. 

Hollow Magnetic Nanocrystals Hollow nanoscale stmctures were first obtained by Y. Yin during the sulfurization of cobalt nanocrystals at elevated temperatures [145]. This process was found to lead to the formation of hollow cobalt sulfide nanocrystals such that, depending on the size of the cobalt nanocrystals and the cobalt sulfur molar ratio, different stoichiometries of hollow cobalt sulfide could be obtained. Hollow nanostmctures are usually formed through the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, which is based on the difference in diffusion rates of two species, and results in an accumulation and condensation of vacancies [146]. This phenomenon was first observed by Kirkendall at the interface of copper and zinc in brass in 1947 [147]. As a typical example of the nano-Kirkendall effect, the controllable oxidation of iron nanoparticles by air can lead to the formation of hollow iron oxide nanostructures, as shown in Figure 3.137. During the course of metal nanoparticle oxidation, the outward diffusion of metal occurs much faster in... 

Naphadzokova, L. Kh. Kozlov, G. V. Zaikov, G. E. Structure of the product of re-esterification reaction catalyzed by metal oxides nanoparticles. Oxidation Commun., 2007,30(4), 788-792. 

The electroactive labels most used in genosensing design are ferrocene and its derivates [24-27] (the reversible oxidation process of ferrocene can be detected by means of several electrochemical techniques), osmium complexes [28], platinum complexes [29], gold complexes [30, 31], and metallic [32-36] or semiconductor nanoparticles [37]. Among the last ones, gold nanoparticles are the most used, their detection can be carried out by means of the measurement of resistance or capacitance changes, usually after an amplification procedure with silver, or by means of the anodic stripping voltammetry of Au(lll) obtained after the nanoparticle oxidation Fig. 9.3. 

These will be the subject of the sections to come. Because of the limitations of space, subjects such as enzymatic oxidation, the use of polyoxometalates in oxidation reactions, oxidations mediated by metal nanoparticles, oxidation of bioavailable feedstocks, oxidation of water to dioxygen, organocatalytic asymmetric oxidations and asymmetric phase transfer oxidations are not covered in this chapter. 

From Rust to High Tech Semi-Synthesis of a Ferrofluid Using FeO Nanoparticles Oxidation / Reduction Synthesis (21)... 

Dickinson EJE, Rees NV, Compton RG (2012) Nanoparticle-electrode collision studies brownian motion and the timescale of nanoparticle oxidation. Chem Phys Lett 528 44-48... 

---