Urinary catheter

The approach in the setting of a patient with bacteriuria and an indwelling urinary catheter follows two paths. The first, in asymptomatic patients with catheterization, is to hold antibiotics and remove the catheter if possible. The second as in the above-described patient who subsequently becomes symptomatic, antibiotics should then commence with removal of the catheter if possible. In both of the above situations, if discontinuation of the catheter is not possible, the patient should be re-catheterized with a new urinary catheter if the previous catheter is greater than 2 weeks old. 

Complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) Generally used to describe a UTI in a patient who has a structural or functional abnormality or an indwelling foreign body such as a urinary catheter. 

The majority of UTIs are caused by a single organism however, in patients with stones, indwelling urinary catheters, or chronic renal abscesses, multiple organisms may be isolated. 

If the patient has been hospitalized in the last 6 months, has a urinary catheter, or is in a nursing home, the possibility of P. aeruginosa and enterococci infection, as well as multiply-resistant organisms, should be considered. In this setting, ceftazidime, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, aztreonam, meropenem, or imipenem, in combination with an... 

Camacho A, Gasparetto A, Svidzinski IE. (2007) The effect of chlorhexidine and gentian violet on the adherence of Candida spp. to urinary catheters. Mycopathologia 165 261-266. 

Class 11a, for example, contact lenses, urinary catheters, tracheal tubes connected to a ventilator. 

Antibiotics for asymptomatic patients with indwelling urinary catheters and bacteriuria. 

Anisette Doe, a 28-year old woman, went to the emergency department with abdominal bloating and inability to void her bladder she had been unable to urinate for 16 hours. A urinary catheter was inserted and 2.5 L of urine was withdrawn. Subsequent testing revealed no calculi or masses in the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys. Ms. Doe s medical records indicated that she was being treated with clozapine for paranoid schizophrenia. She reported no signihcant side effects as a result of this treatment. For 2 days prior to admission to the hospital, Ms. Doe complained of a cold and was taking diphenhydramine Benadryl)... 

E) Nitrofurantoin-induced hemolysis requires permanent urinary catheter. 

Urine samples were taken from a urinary catheter from living-related and cadaveric renal transplant donors at the time of procurement surgery. TAC was found to be significantly lower in urine from poor cadaveric donors when compared with either good cadaveric or living donors. Therefore, TAC of urine may be a good marker of preoperative oxidant stress in the kidney and may have a predictive value with respect to the clinical outcome of transplantation (S17). Patients with acute renal failure showed higher urine TAC (K5). 

Biomaterials are materials foreign to the human body that are used in medicine to replace, support or restore body function. Applications range from central venous and urinary catheters to more complex devices such as prosthetic joints and heart valves. The risk of biomaterial centered infection (BCI) is a key factor limiting their use [1]. The incidence of this type of infections varies for each application for instance 4% for hip prostheses [2] and 10-20% for urinary catheters (see Table 1). In BCI microorganisms are present in close association with the biomaterial surface forming a so-called biofilm. Different species of microorganisms are found in BCI that are often commen-... 

Incontinence is common after stroke and may be permanent (Brittain et al. 1998). Catheterization is often required to maintain skin care, at least initially. Urinary infection is common owing to immobility and the use of urinary catheters. 

Swan [3] prepared a benzene 1,3-disulfonic acid derivative, (III), as a surface coating agent for polyvinylpyrrolidone for subsequent use as a surface modifier on polyvinylchloride urinary catheters. 

The urinary pathogens in complicated or nosocomial infections may include E colt, which accounts for less than 50% of these infections, Proteus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp.. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci, and enterococci. Candida spp. have become common causes of urinary infection in the critically ill and chronically catheterized patient. The majority of UTIs are caused by a single organism however, in patients vrith stones, indwelling urinary catheters, or chronic renal abscesses, multiple organisms may be isolated. 

Integumentary System Assistance with turning and pressure shifts to prevent pressure sores, attention to avoiding extremes of heat and cold, especially for people with spinal cord injury Elimination System Urinary catheters and catheterization supplies, extra incontinence padding... 

Citric acid is used in effervescing mixtures and granules. Formulations that contain citric acid are used in the management of dry mouth and to dissolve renal calculi, alkalinize the urine, and prevent encrustation of urinary catheters. Citric acid is also an ingredient of citrated anticoagulant solutions. 

A 35-year-old woman taking disopyramide phosphate modified-release capsules 150 mg qds was given azithromycin 500 mg initially and 250mg/day thereafter (36). In 11 days she developed malaise, light-headedness, and urinary retention. After the insertion of a urinary catheter she developed a monomorphic ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block. She was successfully cardioverted and the electrocardiogram... 

Urethritis has been described in patients with urinary catheters containing latex (3). In 100 men, the incidence of urethritis with latex catheters was 22% compared with 2% in patients managed with silicone catheters. In all cases, symptoms developed within 12 hours of use and urine specimens were sterile. 

A wide variety of medical devices are increasingly used in clinical practice. These range from vasculature and urinary catheters, prosthetic joints and heart valves, shunts and stents for improving the flow of CSF, blood or bile according to their site of... 

Antimicrobial properties of silver have been known and utilized for centuries. It is well established that only silver ions are antimicro-bially active, while elemental silver is not. Many biomedical devices have been coated with silver and/or silver compounds for antimicrobial purposes. The applications of surfaces treated with silver or its compounds include devices such as topical wound dressings, urinary catheters, endotracheal tubes, cardiac valves, etc.72 Electroless deposition of silver or its compounds can quite successfully be used for coating of biomedical devices. 

Initial therapy of candidal cystitis should focus on removal of urinary catheters whenever possible. Changing the catheter will eliminate candiduria in only 20% of patients, whereas discontinuation will eradicate Candida in 40% of patients. Asymptomatic candiduria rarely requires therapy. Therapy should be used in symptomatic patients and in neutropenic patients, as well as in patients with renal allografts and those who will undergo urologic manipulation, because of the risk of dissemination. ... 

Wells Plastics Ltd. of the UK, a compounder of additive masteibatches, has developed a technology that encapsulates silver ion anti-microbial systems within a soluble matrix. The silver ion formulations can help reduce infection in wound dressings, urinary catheters, and other medical applications. This article provides details. US,FOOD DRUG ADMINISTRATION WELLS PLASTICS LTD. 

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