Bird repellents

It has been used as a bird repellant and is the parent compound of the anthraquinone vat dyes in which the dyeing is carried out by immersion in the reduced vat solution followed by air oxidation to the original insoluble compound. 

Birch leaf extract Birch reduction Birch-type reactions Bird feathers Bird repellents Bireactive dyes Birkeland-Eyde process Birnessite [1244-32-5] b-Bisabolene [495-61-4]... 

FUELS, SYNTTiETIC - LIQUID FUELS] (Vol 12) -as bird repellents piEPELLENTS] (Vol 21)... 

Clark, L. and PS. Shah. 1993. Chemical bird repellents possible use in cyanide ponds. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 57 657-664. 

Uses Moth and bird repellent general insecticide, fumigant and germicide space odorant manufacture of 2,5-dichloroaniline and dyes pharmacy agriculture (fumigating soil) disinfectant, urinal deodorizer, air freshener, and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and polyphenylene sulfide. 

Some bird repellents are composed of viscous, sticky materials that birds dislike having on their feet (17). These compounds, eg, Tanglefoot, Roost-No-More, and TackTrap, are often based on incompletely polymerized isobutylene and thinned with aromatic solvents. They should be formulated to have the proper blend of tackiness and viscosity for the weather, method of application, and pest species. They are applied to leave sticky residues on perching locations in buildings and roosts in trees. Because these materials do not have an obnoxious odor, the birds must land on and learn its location in order to avoid it, as there are no long-range cues in the treatment itself for conditioning. 

Intoxicating chemicals are those that are not necessarily lethal (see Pesticides) but operate as primary repellents or secondary repellents, eg, emetics causing sickness or distress. Primary bird repellents are those whose mode of action is having a bad taste immediate rejection of food is the desired result. However, they are effective only if other foods are available they are not effective in times of food shortages, because large flocks of migrating birds would be forced to feed or starve. Bird repellents have been discussed in reviews (51,56). 

Avitrol [504-24-5] (4-aminopyridine) (24), mp 155—158°C, bp 273°C, has repellent—toxicant properties for birds and is classed as a severe poison and irritant. This secondary bird repellent can be used as a broadcast bait, causing uncoordinated flight and distress calls and escape responses in nearby birds (57). A reevaluation shows lack of effectiveness of 1% baits but better control of blackbirds with 3% baits (58). Suspected contamination of drinking water with 4-aminopyridine has been reported in toxicosis of Brahman catde and horses (59). 

Anthrahydroquinones have been patented in Japan as bird repellents (73), and anthraquinone [84-65-1] (qv) is used widely in Europe as a spray to protect growing crops and as a wood dressing. The synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin [52918-63-5] (27) was evaluated (74), as were other materials, including bendiocarb (20) (75) and 20,25-diazocholesterol dihydrochloride [1249-84-9] (Omitrol) (28), a steroid that inhibits embryo development when adsorbed or ingested as a seed treatment of bait com (55,76). 

USEPA (2001) Selected Mammal and Bird Repellents 9,10-Anthraquinone (122701), 1-Butanethiol (1-Butylmercaptan) (125001), Fish Oil (122401), Meat Meal (100628), Methyl Anthranilate (128725), Red Pepper (Chile Pepper) (070703) Fact Sheet http //www.epa.gov/oppbppdl/ biopesticides/ingredients / factsheets / factsheeLmam -bird-repel.htm (last accessed 30 April 2010). 

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