Charcoal production

The pyrolysis or carbonization of hardwoods, eg, beech, birch, or ash, in the manufacture of charcoal yields, in addition to gaseous and lighter Hquid products, a by-product tar in ca 10 wt % yield. Dry distillation of softwoods, eg, pine species, for the production of the so-called DD (destmctively distilled) turpentine yields pine tar as a by-product in about the same amount. Pine tar, also called Stockholm tar or Archangel tar, was at one time imported from the Baltic by European maritime countries for the treatment of cordage and ship hulls it was an important article of commerce from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The small amount produced in the late twentieth century is burned as a cmde fuel. Charcoal production from hardwoods, on the other hand, has increased in the 1990s years. 

Charcoal was an important industrial raw material in the United States for iron ore reduction until it was replaced by coal in the early 1880s. Charcoal production increased, however, because of the demand for the by-products acetic acid, methanol, and acetone. In 1920, nearly 100 by-product recovery plants were in operation in the United States, but the last plant ceased operation in 1969. 

Taconite-ore-processing plants Glass-fiber-processing plants Charcoal-production plants ... 

Continuous production ol charcoal is typically performed in multiple hearth furnaces, as illustrated in the Herreshoff patent shown in Figure 2. Raw material is carried by a screw conveyor to the uppermost of a series of hearths, /kir is supplied counter-currently and burns some of the wood to supply process heat. As the layers of wood carbonize, they are transported to the lower (hotter) hearths by rakes. The hot charcoal product is discharged onto a conveyor belt and cooled with a water spray. 

Methanol was originally produced by the destructive distillation of wood (wood alcohol) for charcoal production. Currently, it is mainly produced from synthesis gas. 

Charcoal production, from wood, 26 360 Chardonnet, Hilaire de, 11 248 Chardonnet process, history of,... 

Methanol and ethanol are alcohol fuels that can be produced from various renewable sources. Alcohol fuels are converted from biomass or other feedstocks using one or several conversion techniques. Both government and private research programs are finding more effective, less costly methods of converting biomass to alcohol fuels. Methanol was originally a by-product of charcoal production, but today it is primarily produced from natural gas and can also be made from biomass and coal. 

Before 1920s, methanol was obtained from wood as a co-product of charcoal production, hence the name wood alcohol. Methanol is currently manufactured worldwide from syngas, which is derived from natural gas, refinery off-gas, coal or petroleum, as ... 

The Haworth model (Figure 1.4) has been referenced widely, and in many instances it has been offered as an example of humic structures. Humic acid-type components containing fused aromatic structures can occur in soils. There is increasing awareness of char, black carbon, or charcoal products in soils that have been... 

Impact of Former Vegetation Fires and Charcoal Production on... 

Lynch, J., Clark, J. S., and Stocks, B. J. (2004). Charcoal production, dispersal, and deposition from the Fort Providence experimental fire Interpretating fire regimes from charcoal records in boreal forests. Can. J. Forest Res. 34,1642-1656. 

In the traditional "wood distillation industry" hardwood was preferred for production of chemicals. Hardwood distillation was formerly an important source for production of acetic acid, methanol, and acetone which were the primary products of this process. The heat required for pyrolysis was generated by burning gas, oil, or coal. In the thermal degradation of wood the volatile components are distillable and can be recovered as liquids after condensation (Fig. 10-2). The solid residue, charcoal, is mainly composed of carbon. At higher temperatures the carbon content is increased because of a more complete dehydration and removal of volatile degradation products. Charcoal is mainly used as combustible material for special purposes. A number of charcoal products are known, including activated carbon for adsorption purposes. 

There are many kinds of oven for charcoal production, but for small scale production the simple round form may be used(Fig.55) ... 

Figure I Simplified flowsheet for the CASST process CHARCOAL PRODUCTION...

The objective of the CASST process is to produce a gas with a tar cwitent that is tow enough to make a tar removal or conversion step unnecessary. The charcoal production experiments revealed that the charcoal in the CASST i ocess will have a volatile matter content of 30-50 wt.%. Gasification experiments have beat pa-formed to detamine the influaice of the volatile matta content of the feedstock cm the BTX (BTX= benzene, toluene and xylene) and tar concentrations of foe product gas. 

It may be seen from Table 2 that for the purpose of charcoal production, coir pith, groundnut shell, corncob and cashewnut shell are better suited candidates than the other biomass considered for the present study. 

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