Contact dermatitis, definition

In the OECD test guideline for skin sensitization (OECD TG 406), the following definition is given Skin sensitization (allergic contact dermatitis) is an immunologically mediated cutaneous reaction to a substance. In the human, the responses may be characterized by pruritis, erythema, edema, papules, vesicles, bullae, or a combination of these. In other species, the reactions may differ and only erythema and edema may be seen. ... 

Synonyms Aniseed Anise fruit Anise seed Pimpinella anisum Definition Pimpineiia anisum Properties Sweet, soft, mild flavor Toxicoiogy Can cause contact dermatitis Storage Protect from light Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals carminative, mild expectorant... 

Definition Plant material from dried flowerheads, roots, or rhizomes of Arnica montana Properties Herbaceous sweet odor, si. bitter flavor Toxicology Poison by inh. and ing. mod. irritant allergen may cause contact dermatitis, Gl symptoms, nervous disturbances, and collapse... 

Synonyms Absinthium Artemisia Wormwood Definition Derived from Artemisia absinthium Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 960 mg/kg mod. toxic by ingestion allergen causes contact dermatitis chronic use may cause tremors, vertigo, vomiting, hallucinations TSCA listed... 

CAS 8006-40-4 (white) 8012-89-3 (yellow) EINECS/ELINCS 232-383-7 FEMA2126 (wh.) INS901 E901 Synonyms Cera alba White beeswax White wax Yellow beeswax Yellow wax Definition Purified wax from the honeycomb of the bee. Apis mellifera] commonly called white wax when bleached, yellow wax v en not bleached Properties Brown or wh. (bleached) solid with faint odor si. balsamic taste pract. insol. in water si. sol. in cold alcohol sol. in hot alcohol, chloroform, benzene, ether, C, and oils dens. 0.95 m.p. 62-65 C acid no. 17-24 sapon. no. 84 Toxicology Essentially nontoxic mild allergen may cause contact dermatitis, human... 

Definition Salt of chlorhexidine and gluconic acid Formuia C22H30CI2N10 2C6H12O7 Properties Sol. > 50% in water m.w. 897.76 Toxicoiogy LD50 (oral, rat) 2 g/kg, (subcut., rat) 3320 mg/kg, (IV, rat) 24,200 pg/kg poison by IV route mod. toxic by ing. and subcut. routes may cause contact dermatitis mutagenic data TSCA listed... 

Definition Deriv. of unctuous fatty sebaceous secretion of sheep, Ovis ahes, consisting of complex mixt. of esters of high m.w. aliphatic, steroid, or triterpenoid alcohol and fatty acids Properties Yel.-wh. semisolid to paste si. odor sol. in chloroform, ether insol. in water m.p. 38-42 C iodine no. 18-36 flash pt. > 230 F nonionic Toxicoiogy Can cause allergic reactions, contact dermatitis TSCA listed... 

Definition Refined fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Sesamum indicum Properties Bland yish. oily llq., pract. odorless, bland taste si. sol. in alcohol misc. with ether, chloroform, hexane, carbon disulfide negligible sol. in water dens. 0.916-0.921 vapor pressure very low iodine no. 103-116 sapon. no. 188-195 flash pt. 491 F ref. index 1.4575-1.4598 (60 C) Toxicology LD50 (IP, mouse) > 50 g/kg, (IV, rabbit) 678 pglkg poison by IV route primary irritant human skin irritant may cause allergic reactions, primarily contact dermatitis questionable carcinogen experimental tumorigen TSCA listed Precaution Combustible exposed to heat or flame... 

Definition Expressed oil of vegetable origin consisting primarily of triglycerides of fatty acids Toxicology OSHA PEL/TWA 15 mg/m (total dust), 5 mg/m (respirable fraction) nuisance mist may cause contact dermatitis TSCA listed... 

Contact dermatitis is a pattern of inflammatory response of the skin that may occur as a result of contact with external factors (allergens, irritants). The clinical picture is a polymorphic pattern of inflammation of the skin characterized by a wide range of clinical features such as itching, redness, scaling, erythema, vesiculation, and clustered papulovesicles. In chronic cases, Assuring, hyperkeratosis, and lichen-ification occur. The variety of morphology and natural history makes it difficult to define a widely accepted standardized definition of the disease, which is needed to compare epidemiological studies. 

The case ascertainment depends largely on the sources of data that are used, such as morbidity statistics or observational studies. Mortality statistics are unhelpful because contact dermatitis commonly is never fatal. In morbidity statistics, case ascertainment usually involves registration of persons with dermatitis who fulfil additional criteria for registration, such as hospital admission, sickness leave, or referring to a specialist. This restriction in the definition of a case will probably result in selective inclusion of the more severe cases, since a large proportion of individuals suffering from contact dermatitis do not come to medical attention or are seen elsewhere (Fig. i). 

First of all, data on prevalence of ICD and ACD are missing and the few published population-based studies are difficult to compare due to the lack of standardization of case definitions and methods. To be able to compare cross-sectional studies, it is important that some form of standardization is reached about definition of contact dermatitis in epidemiological studies, as well as methods of case ascertainment. 

Operational Definition of Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis... 

The anatomical distribution of the dermatitis should be consistent with the exposure, correlating with the occupational gestures and activities. The clinical appearance of contact dermatitis is habitually characterized by eczematous inflammation. A wheal-and-flare reaction is the prototype of immediate contact urticaria. However, it is impossible to make a distinction based exclusively in morphological criteria. Neither allergic nor irritant OCD has definite clinical or histological features that can lead to the diagnosis, and immediate contact reactions are most consistently characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. 

No single criterion provides sufficient evidence for probable occupational origin of allergic contact dermatitis. The above guidelines can provide a simplified rational approach for an operational definition of OACD until more information is forthcoming. 

Marrakchi S, Maibach HI (1994) What is occupational contact dermatitis An operational definition. Dermatol Clin... 

CAS 61790-12-3 EINECS/ELINCS 263-107-3 Synonyms Acids, tall oil Disproportionated tall oil fatty acid Fatty acids, tall oil Tall oil acids Tall oil fatty acid Tall oil fatty acids TOFA Definition Mixture of rosin acids and fatty acids recovered from the hydrolysis of tall oil Properties Liq. anionic Toxicoiogy Mildly irritating to skin repeated skin contact may result in allergic reactions such as rash or dermatitis inh. of mists can cause irritation TSCA listed Precaution Combustible Uses Emulsifier for metalworking fluids, polymerization, dyes, leather, coatings, petroleum industry mfg. of surfactants, soaps. 

Other routes of solvent overexposure include ingestion, skin, and eye contact. Any solvent will remove natural oils from the skin and cause irritation of the skin and possible dermatitis. Absorption of toxic amounts of aniline through the skin is a definite danger. The use of the proper chemical gloves as recommended in the MSDS should be considered. Qiemical workers goggles or safety glasses with side shields should be worn when handling any solvent. 

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