Apis mellifera

Bromley-Challenor, K.C.A. (1992). Synergistic Mechanisms of Synthetic Pyrethroids and Fungicides in Apis Mellifera. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Reading, UK. 

Meled, M., Thrasyvoulou, A., and Belzunces, L.P. (1998). Seasonal variation in susceptibility of Apis mellifera to the synergistic action of prochloraz and deltamethrin. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry 17, 2517-2520. 

Other eukaryotes included Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Tetraodon nigroviridis. 

Andrada, A. C. and Telleria, M. C. (2005). Pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from south of Calden district (Argentina) Botanical origin and protein content. Grana 44, 115-122. 

Barth, O. M. (2005). Botanical resources used by Apis mellifera determined by pollen analysis of royal jelly in Minas Gerais. Brazil. ]. Apicult. Res. 44, 78-81. 

Calderone, N. W. (2000). Effective fall treatment of Varroa jacobsoni (Acari Varroidae) with a new formulation of formic add in colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera Apidae) in the North eastern United States. /. Econ. Entomol. 93,1065-1075. 

Nabors, R. A. (1997). Trapping pollen collection of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. to determine pollen flow periods. Am. Bee J. 137, 215-216. 

Rermer, P., Hrassnigg, N., and Crailsheim, K. (2003). Trophallaxis between nurse bees and pollen foragers under laboratory conditions in Apis mellifera carnica. Apidologie 34,492. 

Simiith, J. (2001). Some properties of the main protein of honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly. Apidologie 32, 69-80. 

Premier, C., Mach, L., Glossl, J. and Marz, L. (1992) The antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (Apis mellifera) venom phospholipase A2. The role of al,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound IV-acetylglucosamine. Bio chemicalJournal 284, 377-380. 

Apis mellifera Q-MG Delays worker foraging ontogeny reduces tbeir hemolymph JH titre (2E)-9-Oxodec-2-enoic acid 52, (2 E)-9-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid (71% (R)-(-)) 53, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 54, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol 55 (collectively called queen mandibular pheromone QMP ) [138]... 

Apis mellifera (africanized) W-SA Worker recruitment at colony entrance 3-Methylbut-2-en-l-yl acetate 100 isopentyl acetate 91 [152]... 

Apis mellifera carnica A. m. scutellata W-SA Stimulates walking, wing beating avoidance by drones Isopentyl acetate 91 [153]... 

In the two sympatric races of honey bee in South Africa, queen-mimicking workers of Apis mellifera capensis invade queenright A. m. scutellata colonies and become a reproductive parasite. These pseudoqueens are not removed by workers or suppressed by the resident queen, and lay eggs that are acceptable to the colony [130]. Interestingly, these pseudoqueens may also fight to the death with the resident queen as multiple virgin queens do in a typical colony [131]. 

Veleminsky, M., P. Laznicka, and P. Stary. 1990. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) as environmental monitors of heavy metals in Czechoslovakia. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslovaca 87 37-44. 

TERRESTRIAL PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATES Honey bee, Apis mellifera, Czechoslovakia, 1986-1987 Drones 77-89 DW 5... 

Adverse effects of fenvalerate on survival of terrestrial arthropods were observed at 0.002 to 0.015 pg whole-body topical application, O.llkg/ha aerial application, 5.4 mg/kg in the soil, 50 mg/kg in the diet, and 1.4 g/ant mound (Table 20.4). Synthetic pyrethroids are more effective in biological systems at low temperatures. The relative sensitivity of insects when compared with mammals is attributed in part to this negative temperature coefficient. Thus, warm-blooded animals are less affected than insects and other poikilotherms (Klaassen etal. 1986). Fenvalerate, for example, showed a negative correlation between temperature and toxicity to crickets (Acheta pennsylvanicus), being up to 1.9 times more toxic at 15°C than at 32°C (Harris etal. 1981). A similar case is made for honey bees (Apis mellifera) (Mayer et al. 1987) and for many species of aquatic invertebrates and fish (Mayer 1987). 

Taylor, K.S., G.D. Waller, and L.A. Crowder. 1987. Impairment of a classical conditioned response of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) by sublethal doses of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Apidologie 18 243-252. Theophilidis, G., M. Benaki, and E. Papadopoulu-Mourkidou. 1997. Neurotoxic action of six pyrethroid insecticides on the isolated sciatic nerve of a frog (Rana ridibunda). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 118C 97-103. Tippe, A. 1987. Evidence for different mechanisms of action of the three pyrethroids, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate, on the excitation threshold of myelinated nerve. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 28 67-74. 

Goodwin, R.M. and A. Ten Houten. 1991. Poisoning of honey bees (Apis mellifera) by sodium fluoroacetate (1080). N.Z. Jour. Zool. 18 45-51. 

TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES Honeybee, Apis mellifera Inorganic arsenite Following arsenic spray dusting, dead bees contained 6... 

Oomen PA (1986) A sequential scheme for evaluating the hazard of pesticides to bees Apis mellifera. Med Fac Landbouww Rijksuniv Gent 51/3b 1205—1213... 

Pilling ED, Jepson PC (1993) Synergism between EBI fungicides and a pyrethroid insecticide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Pestic Sci 39 293-297... 

Pilling ED, Bromley-Challenor KAC, Walker CH et al (1995) Mechanism of synergism between the pyrethroid insecticide /amMti-cyhalothrin and the imidazole fungicide prochloraz in the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Pestic Biochem Physiol 51 1-11... 

Breed, M.D., Diaz, P.H. and Lucero, K.D. (2004) Olfactory information processing in honey bee, Apis mellifera, nestmate recognition. Anim. Behav. 68, 921-928. 

Apis mellifera (Honey bee), ability of colony guards to discriminate between members and intruders, 174 Apocrine glands, 189, 190 androgens from, 112 Areola, 326... 

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