Constipation acute

Constipation, acute appendicitis, vertigo, headache, rash, pruritus, altered taste Serious Reactions... 

Boyer s third quarter report for 1863 shows a fairly busy sick bay fifty-four diseases treated for an average of three patients reporting iU per day over ninety-two days. He saw intermittent fever, dyspepsia, cholera, constipation, acute dysentery, colic, acute bronchitis, catarrh, rheumatism, syphilis, gonorrhea, conjunctivitis, and others. In making out his quarterly requisition for medical stores, he ordered 15.20 worth of medicines and had the lot delivered by 6 p.m., ending his report with, I have a good supply of drugs on hand. ... 

Other agents are also used for the treatment of manic-depressive disorders based on preliminary clinical results (177). The antiepileptic carbamazepine [298-46-4] has been reported in some clinical studies to be therapeutically beneficial in mild-to-moderate manic depression. Carbamazepine treatment is used especially in bipolar patients intolerant to lithium or nonresponders. A majority of Hthium-resistant, rapidly cycling manic-depressive patients were reported in one study to improve on carbamazepine (178). Carbamazepine blocks noradrenaline reuptake and inhibits noradrenaline exocytosis. The main adverse events are those found commonly with antiepileptics, ie, vigilance problems, nystagmus, ataxia, and anemia, in addition to nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. Carbamazepine can be used in combination with lithium. Several clinical studies report that the calcium channel blocker verapamil [52-53-9] registered for angina pectoris and supraventricular arrhythmias, may also be effective in the treatment of acute mania. Its use as a mood stabilizer may be unrelated to its calcium-blocking properties. Verapamil also decreases the activity of several neurotransmitters. Severe manic depression is often treated with antipsychotics or benzodiazepine anxiolytics. 

Iron salts occasionally cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, headache, backache, and allergic reactions. The stools usually appear darker (black). Iron dextran is given by the parenteral route Hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylactic reactions, have been reported with the use of this form of iron. Additional adverse reactions include soreness, inflammation, and sterile abscesses at the intramuscular (IM) injection site Intravenous (IV) administration may result in phlebitis at the injection site When iron is administered via the IM route, a brownish discoloration of tlie skin may occur. Fhtients with rheumatoid arthritis may experience an acute exacerbation of joint pain, and swelling may occur when iron dextran is administered. 

Polyethylene glycol (PEG, MiraLax) is an osmotic laxative available only by prescription. It is useful in patients who are experiencing acute constipation and who have had inadequate response to more traditional agents. Principal adverse effects include upset stomach, bloating, cramping, and gas. 

Patients who are acutely intoxicated with an opioid usually present with miosis, euphoria, slow breathing and slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and constipation. Seizures may occur with certain agents such as meperidine (Demerol ). It is critically important to monitor patients carefully to avoid cardiac/ respiratory depression and death from an excessive dose of opioids. One strategy is to reverse the intoxication by utilizing naloxone (Narcan ) 0.4 to 2 mg IV every 2 to 3 minutes up to 10 mg. Alternatively, the IM/SC route may be used if IV access is not available. Because naloxone is shorter-acting than most abused opioids, it may need to be readministered at periodic intervals otherwise the patient could lapse into cardiopulmonary arrest after a symptom-free interval of reversed... 

Cathartic. Elder has a history of being used as a remedy for acute constipation. Parts used leaves, inner bark. 

NS (acute) (occup) Gastrointestinal Colic (abdominal pain, constipation, cramps, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss) 400-200 Awad et al. 1986 Baker et al. 1979 Haenninen et al. 1979 Holness and Nethercott 1988 Kumar et al. 1987 Marino et al. 1989 Matte et al. 1989 Muijser et al. 1987 Pagliuca et al. 1990 Pollock and Ibels 1986 Schneitzer et al. 1990... 

Colic is also a symptom of lead poisoning in children. EPA (1986a) has identified a LOAEL of approximately 60-100 pg/dL for children. This value apparently is based on a National Academy of Sciences (NAS 1972) compilation of unpublished data from the patient groups originally discussed in Chisolm (1962, 1965) and Chisolm and Harrison (1956) in which other signs of acute lead poisoning, such as severe constipation, anorexia, and intermittent vomiting, occurred at 60 pg/dL. 

Acute physiological responses to opiate administration occur rapidly and include constricted pupils, decreased pulse rate, reduced body temperature, slowed respiration rate and impaired reflexes. In addition, there is a marked slowing of the digestive system through an altering of the tonus and motility of the stomach and intestines, allowing for greater water absorption. This last effect is not subject to tolerance, and constipation is a common side effect even for chronic users. Indeed, some report that this is the worst side effect of opiate use. 

Rifaximin Rifamycin Antibiotic Gut bacteria Enteric infection Diarrhea, infectious Hepatic encephalopathy Small intestine bacterial overgrowth Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic diverticular disease Irritable bowel syndrome Constipation Clostridium difficile infection Helicobacter pylori infection Colorectal surgery Bowel decontamination, selective Pancreatitis, acute Bacterial peritonitis, spontaneous Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy... 

Anti muscarinics Hyperthermia due to blockage of sweating mechanisms, decreased salivation and lacrimation, acute-angle-closure glaucoma in the elderly, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, delirium, and hallucinations... 

Signs and Symptoms Has a highly variable clinical picture. It has acute and chronic forms, and virulence varies from severe, with high mortality, to mild or even subclinical. The severe acute form is characterized by fever, lack of appetite, depression, constipation followed by diarrhea. May progress to incoordination or convulsions. Conjunctivitis is frequent and is manifested by encrustation of the eyelids and the presence of dirty streaks below the eyes caused by the accumulation of dust and feed particles. In the chronic form of the disease, pigs often survive more than 30 days. After an initial acute febrile phase, pigs may show apparent recovery but then relapse, with anorexia, depression, fever, and progressive loss of condition. 

A major goal for treatment of constipation is prevention of constipation by alteration of lifestyle (particularly diet) to prevent further episodes of constipation. For acute constipation, the goal is to relieve symptoms and restore normal bowel function. 

For most nonhospitalized persons with acute constipation, the infrequent use (less than every few weeks) of most laxative products is acceptable however, before more potent laxative or cathartics are used, relatively simple measures may be tried. For example, acute constipation may be relieved by the use of a tap-water enema or a glycerin suppository if neither is effective, the use of oral sorbitol, low doses of bisacodyl or senna, or saline laxatives (e.g., milk of magnesia) may provide relief. 

Emollient laxatives are not effective in treating constipation but are used mainly to prevent constipation. They may be helpful in situations where straining at stool should be avoided, such as after recovery from myocardial infarction, with acute perianal disease, or after rectal surgery. 

Lactulose is a disaccharide that causes an osmotic effect retained in the colon. It is generally not recommended as a first-line agent for the treatment of constipation because it is costly and not necessarily more effective than agents such as milk of magnesia. It may be justified as an alternative for acute constipation and has been found to be particularly useful in elderly patients. 

Hypercalcemia of malignancy develops quickly and is associated with anorexia, nausea and vomiting, constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. Hypercalcemic crisis is characterized by acute elevation of serum calcium to greater than 15 mg/dL, acute renal failure, and obtundation. Untreated hypercalcemic crisis can progress to oliguric renal failure, coma, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. 

Many diseases that can cause physical inactivity and decreased intake of fluids and food can have constipation as a common symptom. Acute infections with dehydration or chronic diseases as heart failure, diabetes, Parkinson s disease, obstructive pulmonary disease or terminal cancer, are some. 

As would be expected, khat overuse produces symptoms similar to those of other monoamine stimulants, such as cocaine or amphetamine, including signs of sympathetic overarousal. In the extreme this can involve a toxic psychosis. Disorders more frequently associated with chronic khat use in males are headaches, anorexia, insomnia, constipation, and respiratory illnesses (Kennedy et al. 1983). Females report higher incidences of acute gastritis, jaundice, bronchitis and hepatic diseases. Also, cathinone has toxic reproductive effects in humans and experimental animals (Islam et al. 1990). It decreases sperm count and motility, and increases the number of abnormal sperm cells. It also decreases plasma testosterone in rats. 

Q20 Which over-the-counter product is indicated for acute constipation ... 

Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that does not take long to act and is therefore useful in acute constipation. The bulk-forming laxative ispaghula husk takes longer to act when compared with bisacodyl but is useful for long-term administration. Lactulose, which is an osmotic laxative, has a lag time of about 48 hours before onset of action. Loperamide and kaolin and morphine mixture are antidiarrhoeals used in acute diarrhoea. 

The side effects of tricyclic antidepressants are largely attributable to the ability of these compounds to bind to and block receptors for endogenous transmitter substances. These effects develop acutely. Antagonism at muscarinic cholinoceptors leads to atropine-like effects such as tachycardia, inhibition of exocrine glands, constipation, impaired micturition, and blurred vision. 

Adverse reactions may include the following acute labyrinthitis agranulocytosis anaphylactic shock anemias anorexia aplastic anemiahemolytic anemia asthma blurred vision bradycardia cardiac arrest catatonic-like states chest tightness chills confusion constipation convulsions dermatitis diarrhea diplopia ... 

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