Pupil, constriction

Radial muscle of iris 2. 5hincter muscle of iris 3. Ciliary muscle Skin Contraction (pupil dilates) a Contraction (pupil constricts) Contraction... 

Symptoms Soman exposure results in pupil constriction, blurred and dimmed vision, pain in the eyeballs chest tightness, difficulty in breathing sweating, salivation, increased bronchial secretions, bradycardia, hypotension, vomiting and diarrhea, bronchoconstric-tion, and urinary and fecal incontinence. 

Inhalation Hold breath until respiratory protective mask is donned. If severe signs of agent exposure appear (chest tightens, pupil constriction, incoordination, etc.), immediately administer, in rapid succession, all three Nerve Agent Antidote Kit(s), Mark I... 

The compound is also toxic by injection 2 thus for intravenous injection into rabbits the l.d. 50 in normal saline was about 0-5 mg./kg. Pupil constriction began 2 min. after injection, followed by loss of muscular co-ordination and then by respiratory collapse. 

In the molecule (X = F), the pupil-constricting action and toxicity are increased by a secondary grouping (e.g. R=R = Me . R = Me, 72 = Et RR = cycZohexyl R = Me, R = CH2 CHMe2). Furthermore, it appears that for non-cyclic compounds both R and R, for the best results, must be unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals (e.g. if R = Me and R = C02Et the compound is scarcely toxic). Similarly, if R =. S = CH2C1, both the myotic effect and toxicity are of a low order. Among unsubstituted (non-cyclic) secondary radicals, the best results seem to be obtained when one group, at least, is Me for example, if. R =. R = Et, the toxicity is considerably reduced. 

Disulfoton exposure results in cholinergic signs such as salivation, diarrhea, pupil constriction, muscle tremors, and weight loss. Ataxia, convulsions, coma, respiratory distress, and death are common signs associated with a more severe toxicosis. Nervous tissue is evidently the most sensitive target organ. 

Carbachol is a powerful cholinic ester that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, as well as exhibits all of the pharmacological properties of acetylcholine while in addition resulting in vasodilation, a decrease in heart rate, an increase in tone and con-tractability of smooth muscle, stimulation of salivary, ocular, and sweat glands as well as autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle. For this reason, use of carbachol, like acetylcholine, is limited. The exception is that it is used in ophthalmological practice and post-operational intestines and bladder atony. Upon administration in the eye, the pupil constricts and the intraocular pressure is reduced. It is used for severe chronic glaucoma. Synonyms of this drag are doryl and miostat. 

Diarrhoea, vomiting, thirst, blindness, constipation, cyanosis (blue tinge to skin), jaundice, loss of weight, shivering, convulsions, eye pupils dilated, eye pupils constricted, delirium, coma, sweating, renal failure. 

Figure 22-6 Pilocarpine test in a 57-year-old woman with right Adie s pupil. (A) Before dmg instillation. (B) After instillation of 0.125% pilocarpine into each eye, the normal left pupil constricts slightly, whereas the right Adie s pupil constricts significantly.

B) After instillation of 1.0% pilocarpine into each eye, the right pupil constricts, whereas the left pupil does not. 

Decreased body temperature Decreased blood pressure Pupil constriction Drying of secretions Constipation... 

Stimulates alpha, beta, and beta2receptors, resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchial tree peripheral vasculature Ophthalmic Increases outflow of aqueous humor from anterior eye chamber, dilates pupils (constricts conjunctival blood vessels)... 

Muscarinic agonists stimulate the pupillary constrictor and ciliary muscles when applied locally to the eye, causing pupil constriction and a loss of ability to accommodate to far vision. 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS EPA group B2 probable human carcinogen Acute Risks wheezing pupil constriction blurred vision headaches nausea cramps diarrhea sweating respiratory failure anorexia giddiness ataxia rhinorrhea skin irritation Chronic Risks decreased plasma and red blood cholinesterease levels. 

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