Banana peel

A distinguishing characteristic of Total Diet Surveys like the NZTDS (Cressey et al., 2000) is that foods are analysed as normally consumed (e.g. bananas peeled, meat cooked etc.). They therefore frequently provide the most relevant means of assessing the consumer s exposure. A Total Diet Survey is essentially a public health risk assessment tool, and not a compliance monitoring tool. 

Camegiae gigantea, Lophophora uilliamsii (mescal button) (Cactaceae), Cytisus scoparious (Fabaceae), Musa paradisiaca (banana peel) (Musaceae), Hermidium alipes (Nyctaginaceae)... 

Bardiya, N., Somayaji, D., and Khanna, S. (1996). Biomethanation of banana peel and pineapple waste. Bioresour. Technol. 58, 73-76. 

Experiments using a different approach gave somewhat different results. Working with melanin suspensions in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, Strzelecka obtained an Eq value 1.4 eV and was able to reveal the presence of a band of states at the Fermi level (364). Despite the discrepancies, attributed to differences in the nature of the samples (melanins are very sensitive to degree of hydration and pH) the experiments confirm the consistency of the proposed model and provide useful data for further interpretation of the physical properties of melanins. Typical figures are a = 10 -10 fl" cm" (Ep - Ey) = 1 eV, and Eq = 1.4-3.4 eV for synthetic melanins from L-dopa and hydroquinone (365) and for natural melanins extracted from bovine eyes, hair, and banana peels (82). 

Key 1, orange peels 2, pigeon pea pods 3, pineapple peels 4, rice husks 5, ripe banana peels 6, kale stalks 7, potato peels 8, banana leaves 9, onion stock wastes bd = below detection. 

The analytical data show that some ashes contain relatively high levels of many essential elements which can, therefore, be recovered economically if desired. For example, the oxides of sodium and potassium are present at very high levels in some of the biomaterials. Thus, the data show that orange peels and banana peels have combined alkalis of about 41% and 65%, respectively. 

Achaka et al. (2009) Banana peel Phenolic compounds 3h 690 mg.g" Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, chemio-sorption process... 

M. Achaka, A. Hafidib, N. Ouazzania, S. Sayadic, and L. Mandi, "Low cost biosorbent "banana peel" for the removal of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater Kinetic and equilibrium studies". Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 166, pp. 117-125,2009. 

Karthikeyan A, Sivakumar N. Citric acid production by koji fermentation using banana peel as a novel... 

Bansal J, Malviya R, Malaviya T, Bhardwaj V, Sharma PK. Evaluation of banana peel pectin as excipient in solid oral dosage form. Global J Pharmacol. 8 (2) 275-278, 2014. 

Industrial wastes have been evaluated outside the food industry. In 2013, pectin from sisal Agave sisaiana) waste [85] was extracted. Sisal is widely used for the production of hard fibers. Through an aqueous extraction, yields were obtained in the range of 4.61% to 19.2%, these values are above some other noncommercial sources of pectin as sunflower heads, banana peel, and mango peel. Pectin isolated had a 50% DE. The environment-friendly extraction method and the quite acceptable yield values provide an option to consider for handling and utilization of sisal wastes. 

Ozcan HM, Sagiroglu A (2010) A novel amperometiic biosensor based on banana peel (Musa cavendish) tissue homogenate for determination of phenolic compotmds. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 38(4) 208-214. doi 10.3109/10731191003776744... 

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