Column extraction chromatography

Lorber, K., Mueller, K., Spitzy, H. Column extraction chromatography with dithizone in o-dichlorobenzene. Possibilities for separating metal traces in the nanogram region. Mikrochim. Acta 603 (1975)... 

The final separation of Am and Cm from RE can be done by applying the solvent extraction techniques developed in the HDEHP and TBP flow-sheets. As an alternative, partitioning techniques based on column extraction chromatography (LEVEXTREL-TBP and LEVEXTREL-HDEHP) are being experimentally studied on fully active HAW solutions. A final decision on the techniques for the actinide/RE separation will be reached at a later stage of the programme. 

Sorption of metal ions such as Ca, Mg, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Cr on silica gel impregnated with a mixture of Aliquat 336 and Titan Yellow was investigated in the pH range 1-9. The column extraction chromatography application of the sorbent to the separation of solutions of analytical reagent grade sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ammonium chloride from traces of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn, and the separation of some metal ion mixtures were also reported. " ... 

Belisle AA, Swineford DM. 1988. Simple, specific analysis of organophosphoms and carbamate pesticides in sediments using column extraction and gas chromatography. Environ Toxicol Chem 7 749-752. 

SFE-SFC operation consists of extraction, trapping, and transfer to the column for chromatography. Concentration of the solutes of interest before sample introduction to SFC may be achieved by ... 

Poirier, J. M., N. Radembino, and P. Jaillon. Determination of acyclovir in plasma by solid-phase extraction and column liquid chromatography. Ther. DrugMonit. 1999, 22, 129—133. 

Dunnivant, F.M. and A.W. Elzerman. 1988. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments, using sonication extraction and capillary column gas chromatography-electron capture detection with internal standard calibration. Jour. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. 71 551-556. 

Hogenboom A.C., Niessen W.M.A., and Brinkman U.A., 1999a. Online solid-phase extraction-short-column liquid chromatography combined with various tandem mass spectrometric scanning strategies for the rapid study of transformation of pesticides in surface water. J Chromatogr A 841 33. 

Zhou S. et al., 2005. High-throughput biological sample analysis using online turbulent flow extraction combined with monothic column liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 2150. 

Ho JS, Tang PH, Eichelberger JW, et al. 1993. Determination of organic compounds in water by liquid solid extraction followed by supercritical fluid elution and capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Denver, CO American Chemical Society, 313-315. 

Onuska and Terry [14] have described a method for the determination of chlorinated benzenes in bottom sediment deposits. Sample preparation methods using Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction or steam distillation were compared. The chlorinated benzenes were characterized by open tubular column gas chromatography with electron capture detection. In recovery studies using sediments with different organic matter contents, the steam distillation method was the most efficient. Detection limits were in the range 0.4-10pg kgy1. 

Lee et al. [31] demonstrated that the chlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene contents of a lake sediment remained unchanged after four years storage in the dark at 4°C. Subsamples were analysed periodically over the four years by Soxhlet extraction, Florsail cleaning and analysis by capillary column gas chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection. 

The molecular absorption intensity of polar compounds is usually small, but highly sensitive detection can be obtained after pre- or post-column derivatiza-tions. The use of ultraviolet absorption or fluorescence-active counter-ions makes it possible to achieve highly sensitive detection of polar compounds and enhance the capability of ion-pair liquid chromatography. For example, N,N-dimethylprotriptyline has been used as a counter-ion for carboxylic acids12 and picric acid for quaternary amines13 in normal-phase ion-pair partition liquid chromatography. Phenethylammonium, cetylpyridinium, l-phenethyl-2-pyco-linium, and naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid have been used for sulfonic acid and alkyl amines detection.14,15 Ion-pair post-column extraction was applied on-line for fluorescence detection.16... 

Xia, Y.-Q., Bakhtiar, R., and Erankhn, R.B., Automated online dual-column extraction coupled with teicoplanin stationary phase for simultaneous determination of (R)- and (5)-propranolol in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 788, 317, 2003. 

Xia, Y.-Q., Liu, D.Q., and Bakhtiar, R., Use of online-dual-column extraction in conjunction with chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for determination of terbutaline enantiomers in human plasma. Chirality, 14, 742, 2002. 

J.M.P. Douse, Trace analysis of explosives at the low nanogram level in handswab extracts using columns of Amberlite XAD-7 porous polymer beads and sdica capillary column gas chromatography with thermal energy analysis and electron capture detection , J. Chromatogr., 328 (1985) 155-165. 

Munch JW, Bassett MV (2004) EPA Method 521. Determination of nitrosamines in drinking water by sohd-phase extraction and capillary column gas chromatography with large volume injection and chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. Available at www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/m 521.pdf... 

Paputa-Peck, M. C., R. S. Marano, D. Schuetzle, T. L. Riley, C. V. Hampton, T. J. Prater, L. M. Skewes, T. E. Jensen, P. H. Ruehle, L. C. Bosch, and W. P. Duncan, Determination of Nitrated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particulate Extracts by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen Selective Detection, Anal. Chem., 55, 1946-1954(1983). 

Extraction with methylene chloride evaporate clean up on silica gel followed by clean up on alumina and on a carbon/silica gel column Extract with 2-propanol/hexane clean up with Lipidex 5000, column chromatography/GPC Extract with potassium oxalate/ethanol/diethyl ether/pentane GPC clean up on Florisil elute with hexane... 

One way to achieve this is to replace the column by a loop of three to six smaller columns, as shown in Figure 12.10c. This is the principle of multi-column continuous chromatography (MCC). Since only pure fractions are collected, leaving mixed fractions to re-circulate through the columns, there is no need to achieve a complete separahon. Inlet (eluent, feed) and outlet (extract-most retained component, raffinate-least retained component) streams are moved periodically by one column according to the direction of the liquid flow and following the concentration profile inside the column. 

Subsequently, to the extraction product a 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added while stirring. At a pH of 5.50 the addition of sodium hydroxide is interrupted. The water phase is separated and discarded. The addition of base is then continued until the mixture reaches a pH of 6.0-6.3. The aqueous solution which contains mainly tppts, minor amounts of tppds, and their oxides is separated. By concentration of the aqueous solution until the beginning of crystallization, followed by filtration, washing with methanol, and drying, the sodium salt of the 3,3, 3"-phosphinetriylbenzenesulfonic acid can be obtained as a white solid with a purity of at least 95%. For highest purities the solid is dissolved in water and transferred to a Sephadex G-15 column for chromatography. 

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