Coloration disperse dies

Polyester (Textured or Filament) Dyed Under Pressure. The dyebath (50°C) is set with water conditioning chemicals as required, acetic acid to ca 5 pH, properly prepared disperse dyes, and 1—3 g carrier/L. The bath is mn for 10 minutes, then the temperature is raised at 2°C/min to 88°C and the equipment is sealed. Temperature is raised at l°C/min to 130°C, and the maximum temperature held for 1/2—1 h according to the fabric and depth of shade required. Cooling to 82°C is done at 1—2°C/min, the machine is depressurized, and the color sampled. The shade is corrected if needed. Slow cooling avoids shocking and setting creases into the fabric. Afterscour is done as needed. 

Acetate fibers are dyed usually with disperse dyes specially synthesized for these fibers. They tend to have lower molecular size (low and medium energy dyes) and contain polar groups presumably to enhance the forces of attraction by hydrogen bonding with the numerous potential sites in the cellulose acetate polymer (see Fibers cellulose esters). Other dyes can be appHed to acetates such as acid dyes with selected solvents, and azoic or ingrain dyes can be apphed especially for black colorants. However thek use is very limited. 

Hou A, Chen S (2010) Preparation of microemulsions of the polysiloxanes modified with different amines and their effect on the color shade of dyed cellulose. J Dispersion Sci Technol 31 102-107... 

Dyeing of Nylon Carpet with Disperse Dyes. The objective of the first trial in the pilot-scale experiments was to dye nylon carpet to the same shade five times with reuse of the dyebath [8). The carpet was tufted from Nylon 6 face yarn with a polypropylene primary backing. Both regular nylon and cationic-dyeable yarns were used in the carpet however, the two types of yarns dyed to essentially the same color with disperse dyes. The carpet surface contained both cut pile and loops. 

Table I. End-to-End Color Differences in MacAdam Units of Nylon Carpet Dyed with Disperse Dyes (8J...

Dyeing of Polyester Carpet with Disperse Dyes. The second trial run was conducted on polyester carpet dyed with disperse dyes. In this series three shades in a color line—a light... 

Table XI. Lot-to-Lot Color Differences of Nylon Pantyhose Dyed With Disperse Dyes (8)...

Pilot-scale Investigation. Approximately 1.3 billion pounds of the textile fabrics and yarns that are annually batch-dyed are composed of 100% cotton or some percentage of cotton/polyester blends [2). The three major dye classes that have been utilized in recent years to color cotton-containing fabrics are vats, directs and reactives for 100% cotton, and these dyes plus disperse dyes for cotton/polyester blends. Several recent... 

The color of cellulose acetate dyed with some disperse dyes is subject to gas fading. Treatment of the dyed material with diethanolamine or melamine can overcome the problem (3). Similarly, with cellulose triacetate, gas fading of dyes can occur. It has been stated that protection can be obtained by the application of an inhibitor (3). 

SOFTENER 27-3C also reduces the color bleed and color transfer of poly/cotton fabrics dyed with disperse dyesuffs. It also reduces the mottled appearance caused by migration of these dyes during drying and curing. Nonionics exaggerate these effects. ... 

To prevent shade change on fabrics dyed with disperse and fibre reactive colors. 

Both can be spun-dyed. For both dyeing of fibers and fabrics mostly disperse dyes are used. Attractive colors and shades with excellent color fastness are obtained Good. Both are similar to cotton and better than rayon, better than pigmented nylon and silk, but less resistant than acrylics and polyester. Relative humidity and temperature are important High must be more resistant than cotton... 

In certain cases, identifying the specific garment or textile product and the allergen it contains will be an important undertaking. The fiber content of the fabric will narrow the possible dyes, as certain dyes are used to color certain fibers. Cotton, rayon, and linen fabrics are dyed with direct, fiber-reactive, mordant, azoic, sulfur, and vat dyes. Wool fabrics are dyed with acid, mordant, and fiber-reactive dyes. Polyester fabrics are dyed with disperse dyes unless the polyester is modified to accept basic dyes. Nylon fabrics are colored with acid and disperse dyes unless modified to accept basic dyes. Acrylic fabrics are dyed with basic and disperse dyes. Acetate fabrics are dyed with disperse dyes. Other synthetic fibers are dyed with disperse dyes. 

So-called microencapsulated electronic inks have received much publicity in recent years. They consist of microencapsulated electrophoretic media that change color (eg, black to white) when an electric field is applied to thin microcapsule layers placed between thin electrodes. This color change occurs because the microcapsules contain a mixture of two color components dispersed in a dielectric fluid. The two color components can conceptually be two different colored particles (eg, white titanium dioxide and carbon black) or particles of one color (eg, titanium dioxide) dispersed in a dyed dielectric fluid. In either case, application of an external electrical field causes the color components to migrate or separate inside the microcapsules, thereby forming different colored images. Such inks make it possible to create flexible electronic paper displays that require low power and can receive and display information electronically (34-36). 

---