Color bleed

However, the method will not enhance the external quantum yield of the LED, moreover, proper optical coupling between the layers has to be achieved in order not to decrease the QY loo much [61. One of the obvious problems is the principal requirement of having the ITO-covered glass substrate between the color converter and the cmitLer layer. This can also lead to color bleeding, an effect where the emitter layer excites not only the conversion layer, it is supposed to address but also neighboring ones. 

Wet dyed goods have been foam finished. Conventional wet finishing of such goods would lead to color bleeding into the finish bath as well as dilution of the finish bath due to transfer of water from the fabric to the bath. 

Color bleed alleviation was reported when employing various types of ionic or non-ionic amphiphiles in the inkjet ink composition. Color bleed is the "invasion" of one color into another on the printed surface. The amormt of amphiphUe is given relative to the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Above the cmc, micelles that sol-ubiUze the dye molecules form and thus control the color bleeding phenomenon. Below the cmc, free amphiphiles are present with no micelle formation, and thus they have no control over the color bleeding. 

Wickramanayake P. (1994) Black-to-color bleed control in thermal inkjet printing, US5342440. 

Tsang JW, Moffatt JR. (1998) Black-to-color bleed alleviation using nonspecific ionic, pH and colloidal effects, US5853465. 

SOFTENER 27-3C also reduces the color bleed and color transfer of poly/cotton fabrics dyed with disperse dyesuffs. It also reduces the mottled appearance caused by migration of these dyes during drying and curing. Nonionics exaggerate these effects. ... 

Minimizes color bleed, transfer and migration of disperse dyes. 

Anionic napping softener for acetate, nylon, and acetate/nylon blends. Unlike conventional softeners, does not cause color bleeding onto labels and trim of stored garments. Gives full, lofty nap and a soft, silky nonscroopy hand. Nonyellowing, no effect on lightfastness. 

A cationic softener that reduces or eliminates dispersed color bleeding... 

The law also created a listing of color lakes. These water-insoluble forms of certain approved colors are used in coated tablets, cookie fillings, candies, and other products in which color bleeding could affect product quality or otherwise cause problems. 

Metadrioron . [Crcmipton Knowles] O ano meteUic compds. color bleed assistant for direct dyes on cotton and rayon x)ds. 

Metachtotm . [CrcmqMon Knowles] Ckgano metallic compds. color bleed assbtant for direct dyes on cotton and n on ods. 

Unlike DNA diagnostics with clinical samples, where the amount of DNA in a volume of blood or other biological fluid can be estimated with little consequence, postpurification DNAquantification is of the utmost importance in forensic sample analysis. The target mass of DNA required for effective use of the commercially available STR kits is 1 ng. When a reduced mass of DNA is added to the PCR, stochastic effects that could include allelic dropout, may make interpretation difficult. Alternatively, an excess of DNA in the PCR (>5 ng) can result in off-scale peaks, pull-up (color bleeding usually due to off-scale peaks), increased levels of stutter (small peaks typically one repeat unit shorter than the STR allele, believed to be due to slippage of the primer or template during replication) or other artifacts in the subsequent electrophoretic separation. 

Mottled or variegated effects can be produced by adding a harder flow grade to a softer flow grade of the same polymer. Color bleeding, color transfer from one plastic to another, can occur with various dyes and therefore suitable dye stability tests should be carried out prior to usage. 

An improvement in color bleeding has been described, however, it is necessary to add a large amount of a polymer that is geUed or thickened at a high temperature in order to exert the effect sufficiently. 

Visual inspections After exposure to outdoor weathering, exposed sample must not show any physical changes (e.g., color bleeding, delamination, crazing, cracking, etc.) when compared with the control sample. 

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