Color shade

Some of the stand-alone programs mentioned above have an integrated modular 3D visualization application (e.g., ChemWindow —> SymApps, ChemSketch —> ACD/3D Viewer, ChemDraw —> Chem3D). These relatively simple viewers mostly generate the 3D geometries by force-field calculations. The basic visualization and manipulation features are also provided. Therefore, the molecular models can be visualized in various display styles, colors, shades, etc. and are scalable, movable and rotatable on the screen. 

FIGURE 23.1 The pathways of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Species in blue, green, and peach-colored shaded boxes indicate other entry points for gluconeogenesis (in addition to pyruvate). 

Farb-messer, m. colorimeter, -messung, /. colorimetry, -mine, /. colored lead (for pencils). -mischer, m. color mixer. mittel, n. coloring agent, -miihle, /. color mill, -muster, n. color pattern color sample, -nuance, /. color shade, tint, -pflanze, /. dye plant, -rakel, rn.. f. color doctor, -raster, m. color screen, -reaktion, /. color reaction. 

Farb-saure,/. color acid. -stSrke, /. strength or depth of color, shade, -stein, m. dyestone. -stift, m. colored pencil. 

Uber-garen, v.i. overferment ferment over, run over in fermenting, -geben, v.t. deliver, surrender, commit, — v.r. vomit smrender. -gehen, v.i. go over, pass over change, turn (of colors) shade overflow. — v.t. pass over, overlook, omit. 

Figure 5.37a-d illustrates a typical temperature distribution in the range of the angle 0 < 0 < 180° (where 0 = 0° is at the top of the tube). The heat flux was q = 8,000 W/m, the superficial gas velocity was Uqs = 36 m/s. The superficial liquid velocities were 0.016, 0.027, 0.045 and 0.099 m/s, respectively. The flow moves from the right to the left. The color shades are indicative of the wall temperature. Comparison to simultaneous visual observations shows that the distribution of heat transfer coefficient at Uls = 0.0016 m/s corresponds to dryout on the upper part of the pipe. 

Now chelidonine produced an intense green fluorescent chromatogram zone in addition there were other intensely fluorescent zones in the track of the celandine extracts — some of which were not previously visible or had another color shade (Fig. IC). In addition the general fluorescence was increased as a result of the UV irradiation. Figure II illustrates the corresponding fluorescence scans. 

The color shades of the chromatogram zones and above all the pale background produced by this technique are stabilized by dipping the chromatogram in a solution of liquid paraffln — n-hexane (1 -1-2) for 2 s. The color shades produced on silica gel and RP layers are not identical. 

Dimethylamino)-benzaldehyde — hydrochloric acid reacts less sensitively than 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde — hydrochloric acid in the detection of indole derivatives, but the former is better for differentiation of substances on account of the multiplicity of different color shades produced. 

Another direction in liquid crystal research is the fabrication of new molecules that mimic natural materials. The molecule shown here forms two different liquid crystals because of the cylindrical properties of the color-shaded portions of the molecule. These two trios are tethered together by long hydrocarbon chains. In addition to forming liquid crystals, this molecule self-assembles into organized larger units, as do proteins and DNA. The techniques used to synthesize this particular molecule can be adapted to incorporate... 

In addition to the pigment concentration in the respective food source, the color quality is of major importance for plant material quality assessment and selection during production and storage. Color quality also strongly affects consumer purchase decisions. Since red beet is still the sole betalain source exploited commercially, quality parameters have been developed for beet preparations. The most important one is the so-called color shade representing a ratio of two absorbance values, namely for betaxanthins and for betacyanins, respectively, A (at 535 mn)/A (at 480 nm). 

The pH of solutions is generally measured with a pH meter, an instrument that in a single, simple operation measures and yields the pH value of any water solution, thus making unnecessary any further measurements or calculations. There are many technically different pH meters, some large, used mainly in laboratories, others portable, easily taken out for field measurements. The pH can, however, also be measured using substances known as indicators, which exhibit different colors, shades, or hues at different pH values. Litmus, for example, is an indicator that exhibits shades of red in acid solutions, that is, in solutions having pH values between 7 and 1, and shades of blue when in alkaline solutions with pH values between 7 and 14. 

Hou A, Chen S (2010) Preparation of microemulsions of the polysiloxanes modified with different amines and their effect on the color shade of dyed cellulose. J Dispersion Sci Technol 31 102-107... 

Over thousands of years for writing, the ancient people used naturally occurring colloidal fine material from ash (mostly charcoal) dispersed in oil (olive oil). Modem inkjet printers employing color are based on much more sophisticated components. Inkjet printers have a number of nozzles that inject ink droplets on the surface of paper. Simultaneously, different colors are mixed to obtain the desired color shade (more than hundreds of thousands). In a typical printer, there may be 30,000 injections per second, and there may be more than 500 nozzles (each with a size less than a human hair (pm =10 6 m). (The ink has a shelf life of more than a year.) In this process, the surface and colloidal principles most obvious are... 

Production. Cadmium red pigments are produced in a similar way to the cadmium yellow pigments. The cadmium salt solution is prepared by dissolving the metal in mineral acid and then sodium sulfide is added. A certain amount of selenium powder is dissolved in the sodium sulfide solution to obtain the desired color shade. In an alternative procedure, the cadmium solution is mixed with sodium carbonate solution to precipitate cadmium carbonate which is reacted with the selenium-containing sodium sulfide solution. 

The cadmium red pigment intermediate is obtained as a precipitate which is filtered off, washed, and calcined at approx. 600 °C. As with cadmium yellow, calcination yields the red pigment and determines the particle size, particle size distribution, and color shade. Analogously to the cadmium yellow process, cadmium red can be produced by direct reaction of cadmium oxide or cadmium carbonate with sulfur and the required amount of selenium at approx. 600 °C. 

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